Child Psychiatry: A Comprehensive Guide for Medical Students

Question 1

Which medication is commonly used as a first-line treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children?

Accepted Answer

Methylphenidate

Answer

Sertraline

Answer

Aripiprazole

Answer

Valproic acid

Question 2

Which of the following is a **prominent** symptom of anxiety disorders in children?

Accepted Answer

Restlessness

Answer

Fatigue

Answer

Headaches

Answer

Weight loss

Question 3

Which neurotransmitter is **primarily** implicated in depression?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Norepinephrine

Answer

GABA

Question 4

What is the **first-line** treatment approach for childhood anxiety disorders?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-behavioral therapy

Answer

Medication

Answer

Parent training

Answer

Psychoeducation

Question 5

Which of the following medications is **specifically** approved for treating depression in children?

Accepted Answer

Fluoxetine (Prozac)

Answer

Methylphenidate (Ritalin)

Answer

Risperidone (Risperdal)

Answer

Valproic acid (Depakote)

Question 6

How does early intervention contribute to the prevention and management of child psychiatric disorders? Provide specific examples to support your answer.

Accepted Answer

Early intervention can mitigate symptom severity and duration, leading to better outcomes for children.

Answer

Early intervention is solely applicable to severe psychiatric disorders.

Answer

Early intervention has no demonstrated effect on preventing child psychiatric disorders.

Question 7

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for childhood anxiety disorders primarily aims to:

Accepted Answer

Identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors

Answer

Teach relaxation techniques to manage anxiety

Answer

Enhance social skills and peer interactions

Answer

Reduce the need for medication

Question 8

Which class of medication is typically used as first-line treatment for ADHD in children?

Accepted Answer

Stimulants, which enhance focus and attention

Answer

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), commonly used for depression

Answer

Antipsychotics, primarily prescribed for psychotic disorders

Answer

Tricyclic antidepressants, often used for mood disorders

Question 9

Which psychiatric disorder is most prevalent among children?

Accepted Answer

Anxiety disorders, characterized by excessive worry or fear

Answer

Depression, involving persistent sadness and loss of interest

Answer

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), affecting focus and behavior

Answer

Autism spectrum disorder, encompassing difficulties in social interaction and communication

Question 10

A common symptom of generalized anxiety disorder in children is:

Accepted Answer

Excessive and uncontrollable worry about various topics

Answer

Persistent sadness or irritability that lasts for weeks

Answer

Hyperactivity and difficulty sitting still

Answer

Social avoidance and withdrawal from interactions

Question 11

In treating ADHD in children, which medication is generally considered the first-line option?

Accepted Answer

Stimulants, which improve focus and attention

Answer

Antidepressants, commonly used for depression and anxiety

Answer

Antipsychotics, primarily prescribed for psychotic disorders

Answer

Mood stabilizers, used to manage mood swings and irritability

Question 12

The diagnostic criterion for oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in children involves:

Accepted Answer

An ongoing pattern of negativistic, hostile, and defiant behavior towards authority figures

Answer

Persistent and excessive worry or anxiety about various situations

Answer

Significant difficulty in sustaining attention or controlling impulses

Answer

Social withdrawal, isolation, and difficulty forming relationships

Question 13

Which approach is considered strength-based in managing anxiety in children?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive behavioral therapy, which focuses on changing thoughts and behaviors

Answer

Medication, which can alleviate anxiety symptoms

Answer

Hospitalization, which provides a safe and controlled environment

Answer

Electroconvulsive therapy, which involves delivering electrical pulses to the brain

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a goal of treatment for psychiatric disorders in children?

Accepted Answer

Increased physical fitness

Answer

Symptom reduction

Answer

Improved functioning

Answer

Prevention of relapse

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT typically a symptom of separation anxiety disorder in children?

Accepted Answer

Increased attention and focus

Answer

Excessive worry about being separated from caregivers

Answer

Physical symptoms like headaches or stomachaches

Answer

Refusal to go to school or sleep alone

Question 16

Which neurotransmitter deficiency is primarily implicated in the pathophysiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

GABA

Answer

Glutamate

Question 17

What is the recommended first-line treatment approach for moderate-to-severe depression in children?

Accepted Answer

CBT in combination with medication

Answer

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) alone

Answer

Medication alone

Answer

Parent training alone

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a potential risk factor for developing an anxiety disorder in childhood?

Accepted Answer

High intelligence

Answer

Family history of anxiety disorders

Answer

Exposure to traumatic events

Answer

Inconsistent parenting

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a recognized subtype of ADHD?

Accepted Answer

Anxious

Answer

Predominantly inattentive

Answer

Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive

Answer

Combined

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a goal of treatment for children with psychiatric disorders?

Accepted Answer

Punishing misbehavior

Answer

Reducing symptoms

Answer

Improving functioning

Answer

Preventing future episodes

Question 21

Which of the following is not a common symptom of separation anxiety disorder in children?

Accepted Answer

Increased interest in activities previously enjoyed

Answer

Excessive distress when separated from primary caregivers

Answer

Frequent nightmares about being lost or alone

Answer

Physical symptoms (e.g., headaches, stomachaches) when anticipating separation

Question 22

Which pharmacological treatment is typically used as a first-line intervention for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children?

Accepted Answer

Stimulants

Answer

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

Answer

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)

Answer

Benzodiazepines

Question 23

When prescribing medication for a child with a psychiatric disorder, what ethical consideration should be paramount?

Accepted Answer

The potential risks and benefits of medication

Answer

The child's age

Answer

The severity of the disorder

Answer

The child's overall health

Question 24

What is the most common anxiety disorder diagnosed in children?

Accepted Answer

Separation anxiety disorder

Answer

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Answer

Post-traumatic stress disorder

Answer

Social phobia

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic symptom of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in children?

Accepted Answer

Compulsions

Answer

Excessive worry

Answer

Muscle tension

Answer

Restlessness

Question 26

Which pharmacological agent is first-line treatment for major depressive disorder in children?

Accepted Answer

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

Answer

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)

Answer

Antipsychotics

Answer

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

Question 27

What is the predominant symptom of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty sustaining attention

Answer

Impulsivity

Answer

Aggressive behavior

Answer

Excessive fidgeting

Question 28

What is the primary goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for children with ADHD?

Accepted Answer

To improve self-regulation skills

Answer

To increase social interactions

Answer

To enhance academic performance

Answer

To reduce hyperactivity

Question 29

What is the prognosis for children with autism spectrum disorder?

Accepted Answer

Highly variable

Answer

Poor in all cases

Answer

Favorable in most cases

Answer

Predictable based on specific symptoms

Question 30

Which of the following interventions is recommended as a first-line treatment for children with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)?

Accepted Answer

Parent training

Answer

Individual psychotherapy

Answer

Medication

Question 31

Which of the following is a diagnostic criterion for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Accepted Answer

Hyperactivity and impulsivity

Answer

Social anxiety

Answer

Nightmares

Answer

Somatic complaints

Question 32

What class of medication is the first-line pharmacological treatment for GAD in children?

Accepted Answer

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

Answer

Benzodiazepines

Answer

Antipsychotics

Answer

Stimulants

Question 33

Which of the following therapies has strong evidence for its effectiveness in treating MDD in children?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

Answer

Family therapy

Answer

Play therapy

Answer

Psychodynamic therapy

Question 34

What is the primary goal of behavioral interventions for ADHD?

Accepted Answer

To increase desired behaviors and decrease problematic behaviors

Answer

To explore underlying emotional issues

Answer

To improve academic performance

Question 35

Which of the following is a well-established risk factor for developing a psychiatric disorder in childhood?

Accepted Answer

Family history of mental illness

Answer

Excellent academic achievement

Answer

Strong peer relationships

Answer

High socioeconomic status

Question 36

Which of the following is a protective factor against child psychiatric disorders?

Accepted Answer

Secure attachment to caregivers

Answer

Early exposure to adversity

Answer

Low family income

Answer

History of abuse or neglect

Question 37

What is the recommended comprehensive approach to assessing a child for a psychiatric disorder?

Accepted Answer

Biopsychosocial evaluation

Answer

Interview with parents only

Answer

Physical examination only

Question 38

Which of the following is a cardinal feature of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in children?

Accepted Answer

Excessive, uncontrollable worry about a variety of topics

Answer

Extreme mood swings

Answer

Hallucinations or delusions

Answer

Disorganized speech

Question 39

Which symptom is a primary characteristic of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty paying attention and sustaining focus on tasks or activities

Answer

Complete lack of interest in social interactions

Answer

Extreme lethargy and lack of motivation

Answer

Hallucinations

Question 40

Which of the following is a well-established risk factor for developing depression in children?

Accepted Answer

Family history of depression

Answer

Sudden financial wealth

Answer

Exceptional academic achievements

Answer

Chronic physical illness

Question 41

What is the first-line treatment approach for managing obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) with exposure and response prevention (ERP)

Answer

Hypnosis

Answer

Antipsychotic medication

Answer

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Question 42

What is the typical age range for the onset of autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?

Accepted Answer

Before the age of 3 years

Answer

Adolescence or early adulthood

Question 43

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of selective mutism in children?

Accepted Answer

Inability to speak in certain social situations, despite normal speech abilities in comfortable settings

Answer

Echolalia or repetitive speech patterns

Answer

Persistent stuttering or cluttering

Question 44

Which neurotransmitter system is primarily implicated in the pathophysiology of ADHD?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Norepinephrine

Question 45

Which class of medication is typically used as the first-line treatment for depression in children?

Accepted Answer

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

Answer

Benzodiazepines

Answer

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)

Answer

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

Question 46

What is considered the gold standard for diagnosing psychiatric disorders in children?

Accepted Answer

Comprehensive clinical evaluation by a qualified mental health professional

Answer

Blood tests

Answer

Genetic testing

Answer

Neuroimaging studies

Question 47

**Revised:** The most prevalent type of mood disorder in children is:

Accepted Answer

Depression

Answer

Bipolar disorder

Answer

Dysthymia

Question 48

**Revised:** Which of the following is a diagnostic criterion for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) combined type?

Accepted Answer

Inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity present for at least 6 months

Answer

Predominantly hyperactivity-impulsivity for at least 6 months

Answer

Predominantly inattention for at least 6 months

Question 49

**Revised:** The first-line treatment for ADHD **in children primarily** is:

Accepted Answer

Stimulant medication

Answer

Cognitive behavioral therapy

Answer

Antipsychotic medication

Answer

Parent training

Question 50

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing a psychiatric disorder in childhood?

Accepted Answer

Family history of mental illness

Answer

High socioeconomic status

Answer

Good academic performance

Answer

Regular physical exercise

Question 51

Which of the following is a protective factor against developing a psychiatric disorder in childhood?

Accepted Answer

Strong social support

Answer

Exposure to violence

Answer

Poverty

Answer

Parental neglect

Question 52

The primary goal of evidence-based treatment for psychiatric disorders in children is:

Accepted Answer

To improve functioning and reduce symptoms

Answer

To cure the disorder

Answer

To change the child's personality

Answer

To prevent future episodes

Question 53

The DSM-5 is primarily used to:

Accepted Answer

Diagnose mental disorders

Answer

Educate the public about mental disorders

Answer

Prevent mental disorders

Answer

Treat mental disorders

Question 54

Which of the following is a core symptom of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?

Accepted Answer

Impaired social communication and interaction

Answer

Depression

Answer

Hyperactivity

Answer

Anxiety