Developmental Disabilities in Children: Comprehensive Learning Quizzes

Question 1

The core diagnostic triad of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) consists of impairments in:

Accepted Answer

Social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors

Answer

Motor skills, language development, and intellectual functioning

Answer

Cognitive abilities, sensory processing, and social skills

Answer

Attention, memory, and executive functioning

Question 2

Which type of cerebral palsy is the most prevalent?

Accepted Answer

Spastic

Answer

Ataxic

Answer

Dyskinetic

Answer

Mixed

Question 3

Which genetic condition is commonly associated with intellectual disability, seizures, and distinctive facial features?

Accepted Answer

Down syndrome

Answer

Fragile X syndrome

Answer

Rett syndrome

Answer

Williams syndrome

Question 4

The Denver II is primarily used for:

Accepted Answer

Developmental screening in young children

Answer

Assessing intellectual functioning in adults

Answer

Diagnosing autism spectrum disorder

Answer

Treating developmental disabilities

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a recognized risk factor for developmental disabilities?

Accepted Answer

Paternal age over 50 years

Answer

Premature birth

Answer

Low birth weight

Answer

Maternal alcohol use during pregnancy

Question 6

Which of the following characteristics is **NOT** associated with intellectual disability?

Accepted Answer

Significant limitations in intellectual functioning

Answer

Impairments in adaptive behavior

Question 7

Autism spectrum disorder is primarily characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Both of the above

Answer

Impaired social interaction and communication

Answer

Repetitive and restricted patterns of behavior

Question 8

The prognosis for individuals with developmental disabilities is:

Accepted Answer

Highly variable and dependent on the severity of the condition

Answer

Always poor

Answer

Always good

Answer

Unpredictable

Question 9

A characteristic movement pattern observed in children with cerebral palsy is:

Accepted Answer

Spasticity

Answer

Dyskinesia

Answer

Ataxia

Answer

Rigidity

Question 10

The term 'habilitation' in the context of developmental disabilities refers to:

Accepted Answer

Acquiring new skills

Answer

Restoring lost skills

Answer

Preventing skill loss

Answer

Assessing skills

Question 11

What is the core behavioral feature of autism spectrum disorder?

Accepted Answer

Social communication challenges

Answer

Intellectual disability

Answer

Hyperactivity

Answer

Delayed language development

Question 12

Which of the following interventions is not recommended for children with intellectual disability?

Accepted Answer

Psychoactive medication

Answer

Special education classes

Answer

Occupational therapy

Answer

Parental support and guidance

Question 13

Define the primary characteristic feature of intellectual disability:

Accepted Answer

Significant limitations in intellectual functioning

Answer

Impairments in adaptive behavior

Answer

Impairments in social communication

Answer

Onset before the age of 18

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a core symptom of autism spectrum disorder in young children?

Accepted Answer

Hyperactivity and impulsivity

Answer

Impairments in social interaction

Answer

Restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior

Answer

Speech delays or difficulties

Question 15

Which of the following interventions is recommended as a first-line approach for children with developmental disabilities?

Accepted Answer

Early intervention services

Answer

Special education

Answer

Pharmacological therapy

Answer

Hospitalization

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Down syndrome commonly seen in children?

Accepted Answer

Accelerated growth and development

Answer

Intellectual disability

Answer

Distinctive facial features

Answer

Hypotonia

Question 17

Which neuroimaging technique is primarily used to diagnose cerebral palsy for children?

Accepted Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer

X-ray

Answer

Computed tomography (CT)

Answer

Ultrasound

Question 18

What is the leading cause of intellectual disability identified in children?

Accepted Answer

Genetic disorders

Answer

Environmental factors

Answer

Premature birth

Answer

Prenatal infections

Question 19

What is the primary objective of early intervention for developmental disabilities in children?

Accepted Answer

To prevent or reduce secondary complications

Answer

To cure the underlying medical cause

Answer

To ensure typical development

Answer

To make the child fully independent

Question 20

What is the recommended screening tool for autism spectrum disorder in young children?

Accepted Answer

Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT)

Answer

Pediatric Autism Rating Scale (PARS)

Answer

Autism Diagnostic Interview (ADI)

Answer

Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ)

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a standard intervention approach for developmental disabilities in children?

Accepted Answer

Restrictive diets (e.g., gluten-free, casein-free diets)

Answer

Early intervention therapies (e.g., speech therapy, physical therapy, occupational therapy)

Answer

Special education services (e.g., individualized education programs, specialized instruction)

Answer

Pharmacological treatments (e.g., stimulants for ADHD, antipsychotics for severe behaviors)

Question 22

The primary aim of early intervention therapies for developmental disabilities is to:

Accepted Answer

Maximize the child's developmental potential and prevent future disabilities

Answer

Cure the underlying condition

Answer

Reduce the severity of symptoms

Answer

Provide support to families and caregivers

Question 23

Which neuroimaging technique is primarily used to diagnose cerebral palsy?

Accepted Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (provides detailed images of the brain structure)

Answer

Computed tomography (CT) scan (uses X-rays to create cross-sectional images of the brain)

Answer

Electroencephalography (EEG) (measures electrical activity in the brain)

Answer

Positron emission tomography (PET) (measures metabolic activity in the brain)

Question 24

The term 'comorbidity', in the context of developmental disabilities, refers to:

Accepted Answer

The presence of two or more distinct developmental disabilities in the same individual

Answer

The worsening of one developmental disability due to the presence of another

Answer

The development of a new developmental disability as a consequence of another

Answer

The manifestation of multiple symptoms within a single developmental disability

Question 25

The prognosis for children with developmental disabilities is:

Accepted Answer

Highly variable depending on the severity and type of disability

Answer

Generally favorable with timely and appropriate intervention and support

Answer

Poor in most cases, with limited potential for improvement

Answer

Impossible to predict accurately

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a primary category of known causes of developmental disabilities?

Accepted Answer

Lifestyle

Answer

Genetic

Answer

Environmental

Answer

Metabolic

Question 27

In children with developmental disabilities, what is the significance of developmental trajectories, and how can they inform individualized management strategies?

Accepted Answer

Developmental trajectories offer valuable insights for tailoring interventions to a child's specific developmental needs and strengths.

Answer

Developmental trajectories are fixed and cannot be altered by interventions.

Answer

Developmental trajectories are only applicable to children with severe disabilities.

Answer

Developmental trajectories are exclusively determined by genetic factors.

Question 28

Definitive characteristic of intellectual disability:

Accepted Answer

Significant limitations in intellectual abilities

Answer

Difficulty with attention and focus

Answer

Specific learning challenges

Answer

Late developmental milestones

Question 29

Commonly prescribed medication class for hyperactivity in children with ASD:

Accepted Answer

Stimulants

Answer

Antipsychotics

Answer

Antidepressants

Answer

Mood stabilizers

Question 30

Recommended approach when working with families of children with developmental disabilities:

Accepted Answer

Collaborative and supportive partnership

Answer

Directive and authoritative approach

Answer

Non-intrusive and passive stance

Answer

Professional distance and objectivity

Question 31

Which of the following is a well-established risk factor for developmental disabilities in children?

Accepted Answer

Advanced maternal age

Answer

High socioeconomic status of parents

Answer

Regular exercise during pregnancy

Answer

Normal birth weight

Question 32

Autism spectrum disorder encompasses a:

Accepted Answer

Wide spectrum of conditions with variable social and communication deficits

Answer

Single, well-defined condition with consistent symptoms

Answer

Specific genetic disorder with a known etiology

Question 33

Cerebral palsy primarily affects which aspect of child development?

Accepted Answer

Movement and coordination

Answer

Social and emotional development

Answer

All aspects of development equally

Answer

Cognitive and linguistic skills

Question 34

A common comorbid condition associated with developmental disabilities is:

Accepted Answer

Epilepsy

Answer

Cardiovascular disease

Answer

Cancer

Answer

Asthma

Question 35

Evaluating a child suspected of a developmental disability requires:

Accepted Answer

A comprehensive medical history, physical examination, and developmental assessment

Answer

Parental reports solely

Answer

Cognitive testing alone

Question 36

An appropriate educational intervention for children with intellectual disability is:

Accepted Answer

Individualized education programs (IEPs) tailored to their specific needs

Answer

Standard academic curriculum without modifications

Answer

Restrictive behavioral therapies only

Answer

Medication alone

Question 37

Early intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder should:

Accepted Answer

Commence at the earliest possible age and utilize evidence-based practices

Answer

Be delayed until school age

Answer

Focus solely on academics

Question 38

Managing the medical needs of children with cerebral palsy involves:

Accepted Answer

Collaboration among medical specialists, therapists, and caregivers

Answer

Ignoring the child's functional abilities

Answer

Prescribing medication without consulting other healthcare providers

Question 39

The prognosis for developmental disabilities is influenced by:

Accepted Answer

The type and severity of the disability, as well as access to early intervention and support

Answer

Genetic factors solely

Answer

Socioeconomic factors exclusively

Question 40

As a pediatrician, your role in supporting families of children with developmental disabilities includes:

Accepted Answer

Providing information, emotional support, and guidance while respecting their perspectives

Answer

Minimizing the impact of the disability

Answer

Making all decisions about the child's care

Answer

Focusing exclusively on medical interventions

Question 41

Developmental disabilities are characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Impacting multiple areas of a child's development.

Answer

Always being caused by genetic factors.

Answer

Only being diagnosable after school entry.

Question 42

Which feature is NOT commonly associated with autism spectrum disorder?

Accepted Answer

Typical social interactions.

Answer

Delayed language development.

Answer

Intellectual disability.

Answer

Repetitive behaviors.

Question 43

Early intervention for developmental disabilities should prioritize:

Accepted Answer

A family-centered approach.

Answer

Delaying intervention until the child is older.

Answer

Extensive medication use.

Answer

Institutionalization.

Question 44

The legal document outlining special education needs and services is:

Accepted Answer

Individualized Education Program (IEP).

Answer

Medical diagnosis.

Answer

504 Plan.

Answer

Psychoeducational assessment.

Question 45

An ethical consideration when caring for children with developmental disabilities is:

Accepted Answer

Respecting their rights and autonomy.

Answer

Assuming they are incapable of learning.

Answer

Treating them differently from other children.

Answer

Focusing solely on their deficits.

Question 46

Evaluating a child's language abilities typically involves:

Accepted Answer

Speech-language assessment.

Answer

Medical examination.

Answer

Behavioral assessment.

Answer

Intellectual assessment.

Question 47

Supporting children with autism spectrum disorder in the classroom may include:

Accepted Answer

Providing a structured environment.

Answer

Punishing them for social difficulties.

Answer

Expecting them to conform to all rules.

Answer

Ignoring their repetitive behaviors.

Question 48

A 3-year-old child presents with a delay in language development, repetitive behaviors, and difficulty with social interaction. Which of the following developmental disabilities is most likely the cause of these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Answer

Intellectual Disability

Answer

Down Syndrome

Answer

Cerebral Palsy

Question 49

A 6-month-old infant with a history of prematurity exhibits significant delays in motor skills and cognitive function. What is the most likely cause of these delays?

Accepted Answer

Cerebral Palsy

Answer

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Answer

Down Syndrome

Answer

Fragile X Syndrome

Question 50

A 10-year-old child with Down Syndrome is struggling with reading comprehension and math skills. Which of the following educational strategies is most appropriate for this child?

Accepted Answer

Individualized Education Program (IEP) with tailored interventions for academic support.

Answer

Limited academic expectations due to the child's disability.

Answer

Placement in a special needs school for all subjects.

Question 51

Which of the following is a core principle of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)?

Accepted Answer

Free and appropriate public education (FAPE) for all eligible children.

Answer

Focus on medical interventions over educational support.

Answer

Exclusion of children with severe disabilities from mainstream education.

Question 52

A 5-year-old child with autism spectrum disorder displays frequent tantrums and self-injurious behavior. What is the most appropriate initial management strategy?

Accepted Answer

Behavioral therapy to teach coping mechanisms and alternative behaviors.

Answer

Restricting the child's activities to prevent further outbursts.

Answer

Pharmacological intervention with antipsychotic medications.

Question 53

A 7-year-old child with intellectual disability has difficulty with abstract concepts and problem-solving. Which of the following teaching methods is most effective for this child?

Accepted Answer

Concrete, hands-on learning experiences with visual aids.

Answer

Fast-paced, complex tasks to stimulate cognitive growth.

Answer

Abstract lectures and theoretical explanations.

Question 54

A 2-year-old child with cerebral palsy has significant difficulty with fine motor skills. Which of the following interventions is most appropriate to improve hand function?

Accepted Answer

Occupational therapy to strengthen hand muscles and develop hand-eye coordination.

Answer

Physical therapy to improve gross motor skills only.

Answer

Speech therapy for language development.

Question 55

A 12-year-old child with autism spectrum disorder has difficulty understanding social cues and maintaining friendships. What is the most appropriate intervention to address this challenge?

Accepted Answer

Social skills training to teach social rules and appropriate interactions.

Answer

Individual therapy to address underlying emotional issues.

Answer

Medication to reduce anxiety and improve social behavior.

Question 56

A 10-year-old child with intellectual disability is being considered for inclusion in a mainstream classroom. What is the most important factor to consider before making this decision?

Accepted Answer

The child's individual needs and the availability of appropriate support services.

Answer

The opinions of other students in the class.

Answer

The child's IQ score alone.