Common Gastrointestinal Conditions in Children: Quizzes and Practice Questions

Question 1

For ulcerative colitis in children, what is the primary treatment?

Accepted Answer

Anti-inflammatory medications

Answer

Dietary modifications

Answer

Surgery

Answer

Antibiotics

Question 2

For acute gastroenteritis in children, what is the primary treatment?

Accepted Answer

Oral rehydration therapy

Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Intravenous fluids

Answer

Antivirals

Question 3

In children with pyloric stenosis, what is the preferred surgical procedure?

Accepted Answer

Pyloromyotomy

Answer

Gastrectomy

Answer

Fundoplication

Answer

Nissen fundoplication

Question 4

What are potential reasons for failure to thrive in children?

Accepted Answer

Both of the above

Answer

Organic disease

Answer

Psychosocial factors

Answer

Neither of the above

Question 5

Identify the primary cause of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in children:

Accepted Answer

Hiatal hernia

Answer

Delayed gastric emptying

Answer

Increased gastric acid production

Answer

Esophagitis

Question 6

Identify the characteristic stool type commonly observed in Hirschsprung disease:

Accepted Answer

Constipated and ribbon-like

Answer

Loose and watery

Answer

Green and frothy

Answer

Blood-tinged

Question 7

Indicate the most commonly employed diagnostic test for confirming a diagnosis of celiac disease:

Accepted Answer

Upper endoscopy with biopsy

Answer

Small bowel follow-through

Answer

Colonoscopy

Answer

Stool antigen test

Question 8

Identify the first-line approach to treating acute gastroenteritis in children:

Accepted Answer

Oral rehydration therapy

Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Antidiarrheal medications

Answer

Parenteral fluids

Question 9

Identify the characteristic triad of symptoms associated with intussusception:

Accepted Answer

Abdominal pain, vomiting, and bloody diarrhea

Answer

Fever, chills, and muscle aches

Answer

Lethargy, irritability, and rash

Answer

Cough, congestion, and sore throat

Question 10

Identify the appropriate dietary modification recommended for children with lactose intolerance:

Accepted Answer

Use of lactose-free dairy products

Answer

Elimination of all dairy products

Answer

Reduction in dairy intake

Answer

No dietary modifications necessary

Question 11

Which of these treatments is a recent advancement in the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in children?

Accepted Answer

Fecal microbiota transplantation

Answer

Anti-TNF therapy

Answer

Surgery

Answer

Diet modification alone

Question 12

In children, what is the primary treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Accepted Answer

Acid-suppressing medications

Answer

Prokinetic agents

Answer

Surgical intervention

Answer

Dietary modifications alone

Question 13

What is the cornerstone of dietary management for children diagnosed with celiac disease?

Accepted Answer

Eliminating all foods containing gluten

Answer

Boosting fiber consumption

Answer

Supplementing with iron and vitamin B12

Answer

Adjusting the child's fat intake

Question 14

In children, which imaging technique is primarily used to evaluate suspected Crohn's disease?

Accepted Answer

Magnetic resonance enterography (MRE)

Answer

Upper GI series

Answer

Barium enema

Answer

Capsule endoscopy

Question 15

What is the primary pathophysiological mechanism responsible for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm infants?

Accepted Answer

Mucosal ischemia followed by bacterial invasion

Answer

Immaturity of the intestinal barrier alone

Answer

Exclusive formula feeding without breast milk

Question 16

Identify the prevailing cause of chronic diarrhea affecting children less than 2 years old.

Accepted Answer

Cow's milk protein allergy

Answer

Lactose intolerance

Answer

Celiac disease

Answer

Inflammatory bowel disease

Question 17

A 6-month-old infant presents with recurring episodes of irritability and regurgitation. What is the most probable diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Answer

Pyloric stenosis

Answer

Intussusception

Answer

Appendicitis

Question 18

In the management of acute gastroenteritis in children, which approach is considered the first-line treatment?

Accepted Answer

Oral rehydration solution

Answer

Antibiotic therapy

Answer

Administration of intravenous fluids

Answer

Administration of antidiarrheal medications

Question 19

A 3-year-old child presents with recurrent abdominal pain, weight loss, and diarrhea. Which step should be prioritized in their management?

Accepted Answer

Referral to a specialist in gastroenterology

Answer

Prescription of antidiarrheal medications

Answer

Ordering a complete blood count and stool culture

Answer

Recommendation of a low-fat diet

Question 20

Constipation is a characteristic clinical manifestation associated with:

Accepted Answer

Hirschsprung disease

Answer

Abdominal distension

Answer

Vomiting

Answer

Fever

Question 21

In children, the most prevalent type of pancreatitis is:

Accepted Answer

Acute pancreatitis

Answer

Chronic pancreatitis

Answer

Autoimmune pancreatitis

Answer

Idiopathic pancreatitis

Question 22

What is a key histologic feature of eosinophilic esophagitis?

Accepted Answer

Mucosal eosinophilia with basal zone hyperplasia

Answer

Intramucosal neutrophilia with glandular atrophy

Answer

Submucosal fibrosis with crypt abscesses

Question 23

Which statement best reflects the current evidence on the use of probiotics in managing acute gastroenteritis in children?

Accepted Answer

Probiotics may help prevent acute gastroenteritis in children, but their role in treatment is uncertain.

Answer

Probiotics are highly effective in both preventing and treating acute gastroenteritis in children.

Answer

Probiotics are ineffective in preventing or treating acute gastroenteritis in children.

Answer

Probiotics should not be used in children with acute gastroenteritis due to safety concerns.

Question 24

Which of the following symptoms is characteristically associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in children?

Accepted Answer

Regurgitation or vomiting

Answer

Diarrhea

Answer

Constipation

Answer

Fever

Question 25

Which of the following is the primary pathophysiologic mechanism underlying inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)?

Accepted Answer

Dysregulated immune response to intestinal flora

Answer

Malnutrition

Answer

Congenital malformation of the gastrointestinal tract

Answer

Infection with pathogenic bacteria

Question 26

Which of the following is an indication for immediate colonoscopy in a child with suspected inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)?

Accepted Answer

Failure to respond to medical therapy

Answer

Age less than 6 years

Answer

Isolated rectal bleeding

Answer

Mild abdominal pain

Question 27

What is the most common age range for the onset of symptoms in children with celiac disease?

Accepted Answer

6 months to 2 years

Answer

Less than 6 months

Answer

Adolescence

Answer

After 3 years

Question 28

Which laboratory test is the cornerstone of screening for celiac disease?

Accepted Answer

Anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody (tTG-Ab)

Answer

Stool culture

Answer

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Answer

Complete blood count

Question 29

What is the recommended initial treatment for acute gastroenteritis in children?

Accepted Answer

Oral rehydration therapy

Answer

Antidiarrheal medications

Answer

Antibiotics

Question 30

Which of the following symptoms is a hallmark of pyloric stenosis in infants?

Accepted Answer

Non-bilious projectile vomiting

Answer

Jaundice

Answer

Constipation

Answer

Diarrhea

Question 31

What is the definitive treatment for Hirschsprung disease?

Accepted Answer

Surgical resection of the affected bowel segment

Answer

Enemas

Answer

Biofeedback therapy

Answer

Anticholinergic medications

Question 32

In children, what is the most typical symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Accepted Answer

Regurgitation

Answer

Constipation

Answer

Vomiting

Question 33

Which laboratory test holds the most value in diagnosing celiac disease in children?

Accepted Answer

Anti-tissue transglutaminase (tTG) IgA

Answer

Upper endoscopy with biopsy

Answer

Colonoscopy with biopsy

Answer

Fecal occult blood test

Question 34

Of the following, which is a potential long-term complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in children?

Accepted Answer

Impaired growth and development

Answer

Cirrhosis of the liver

Answer

Stroke

Answer

Kidney failure

Question 35

In children with GERD, which class of medication is typically used as the initial treatment?

Accepted Answer

Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)

Answer

Histamine-2 receptor antagonist (H2RA)

Answer

Antacid

Answer

Prokinetic agent

Question 36

For children with celiac disease, which dietary modification is recommended?

Accepted Answer

Gluten-free diet

Answer

Low-fat diet

Answer

High-fiber diet

Answer

Dairy-free diet

Question 37

In a child with IBD, which clinical sign may indicate a surgical emergency?

Accepted Answer

Perforation

Answer

Diarrhea

Answer

Abdominal pain

Answer

Fever

Question 38

In infants, which symptom is a hallmark characteristic of gastroesophageal reflux disease?

Accepted Answer

Projectile vomiting

Answer

Diarrhea

Answer

Abdominal pain

Answer

Weight loss

Question 39

For children diagnosed with celiac disease, which dietary modification is essential?

Accepted Answer

Gluten-free diet

Answer

Dairy-free diet

Answer

Low-FODMAP diet

Answer

Ketogenic diet

Question 40

When treating gastroesophageal reflux disease in children, which class of medications is typically employed?

Accepted Answer

Proton pump inhibitors

Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Laxatives

Answer

Antacids

Question 41

Which laboratory test may aid in the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease in children?

Accepted Answer

Fecal calprotectin

Answer

Complete blood count

Answer

Electrolytes

Answer

C-reactive protein

Question 42

Which symptom suggests the presence of Hirschsprung's disease?

Accepted Answer

Constipation from birth

Answer

Weight loss

Answer

Abdominal pain

Answer

Diarrhea

Question 43

Which of the following is the most prevalent gastrointestinal condition in children?

Accepted Answer

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Answer

Constipation

Answer

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

Answer

Celiac disease

Question 44

What is the primary presenting symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in children?

Accepted Answer

Frequent regurgitation or vomiting

Answer

Intractable abdominal pain

Answer

Severe constipation

Answer

Persistent diarrhea

Question 45

What is the definitive diagnostic test for celiac disease in children?

Accepted Answer

Small bowel biopsy

Answer

Blood test for celiac antibodies

Answer

Upper endoscopy

Answer

Colonoscopy

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT a typical clinical manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in children?

Accepted Answer

Hemoptysis

Answer

Diarrhea, often with blood or mucus

Answer

Weight loss or failure to thrive

Answer

Recurrent abdominal pain

Question 47

What is the recommended dietary approach for managing celiac disease in children?

Accepted Answer

Strict adherence to a gluten-free diet

Answer

Low-fat diet

Answer

Vegetarian diet

Answer

High-protein diet

Question 48

Which of the following may be an adverse effect of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) used in the treatment of GERD in children?

Accepted Answer

Diarrhea

Answer

Nephrotoxicity

Answer

Hepatotoxicity

Answer

Ototoxicity

Question 49

When is surgical intervention generally considered for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in children?

Accepted Answer

After failure of medical therapy and in cases with severe complications

Answer

As the primary treatment option for all children with GERD

Answer

At the initial diagnosis of GERD

Question 50

A 6-month-old infant presents with frequent spitting up, irritability after feeding, and poor weight gain. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Answer

Lactose intolerance

Answer

Intussusception

Answer

Pyloric stenosis

Question 51

A 10-year-old child presents with abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, and weight loss. Which of the following gastrointestinal conditions is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

Answer

Appendicitis

Answer

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Answer

Celiac disease

Question 52

A 2-year-old child presents with a sudden onset of severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and bloody stools. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Intussusception

Answer

Hirschsprung's disease

Answer

Appendicitis

Answer

Gastroenteritis

Question 53

Which of the following is the most common cause of constipation in children?

Accepted Answer

Dietary factors

Answer

Medications

Answer

Hypothyroidism

Answer

Hirschsprung's disease

Question 54

A 5-year-old child presents with recurrent abdominal pain, bloating, and constipation. Which of the following gastrointestinal conditions is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Answer

Celiac disease

Answer

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

Answer

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Question 55

A 12-year-old child presents with abdominal pain, vomiting, and fever. On physical examination, there is rebound tenderness in the right lower quadrant. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Appendicitis

Answer

Intussusception

Answer

Gastroenteritis

Answer

Mesenteric adenitis

Question 56

Which of the following is a potential complication of GERD in children?

Accepted Answer

Esophagitis

Answer

Constipation

Answer

Intussusception

Answer

Diarrhea