Endocrine Drugs: Comprehensive Learning Quizzes for Medical Students

Question 1

Which of the following is a common adverse effect of long-term glucocorticoid therapy?

Accepted Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

Hypoglycemia

Answer

Increased bone density

Answer

Reduced risk of infection

Question 2

Which hormone is primarily responsible for maintaining calcium homeostasis in the body?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Answer

Insulin

Question 3

What is the primary effect of insulin on glucose metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Stimulation of glycogen synthesis

Answer

Inhibition of glucose transporter translocation

Answer

Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation

Answer

Activation of the glucagon receptor

Question 4

Which of the following is a potential long-term complication of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Retinopathy

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Anemia

Answer

Hypothyroidism

Question 5

What is the primary mechanism of action of calcitonin in the body?

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of bone resorption

Answer

Stimulation of calcium absorption

Answer

Inhibition of parathyroid hormone secretion

Answer

Stimulation of osteoblast activity

Question 6

Which of the following conditions is a contraindication to the use of thiazolidinediones for the treatment of diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Heart failure

Answer

Liver disease

Answer

Kidney disease

Answer

Hypertension

Question 7

Which hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 8

What is the main mechanism of action of anti-thyroid drugs?

Accepted Answer

Inhibiting thyroid hormone synthesis

Answer

Inhibiting thyroid hormone release

Answer

Stimulating thyroid hormone production

Answer

Blocking thyroid hormone receptors

Question 9

Which of the following calcium channel blockers is commonly used to treat hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Diltiazem

Answer

Acetaminophen

Answer

Propranolol

Answer

Spironolactone

Question 10

Which organ is the primary target of parathyroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

Bone

Answer

Kidney

Answer

Liver

Answer

Heart

Question 11

Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of insulin therapy?

Accepted Answer

Hypoglycemia

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Headache

Answer

Nausea

Question 12

How does metformin primarily act in the treatment of type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Increasing insulin sensitivity

Answer

Inhibiting insulin secretion

Answer

Stimulating glucagon release

Answer

Blocking glucose absorption

Question 13

Which of these is an example of a synthetic glucocorticoid?

Accepted Answer

Prednisone

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Testosterone

Question 14

What is the primary role of thyroid hormones in regulating metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Increasing oxygen consumption

Answer

Promoting protein synthesis

Answer

Inhibiting carbohydrate breakdown

Answer

Promoting lipid storage

Question 15

What is the main mechanism of action of estradiol in the female reproductive cycle?

Accepted Answer

Stimulating endometrial proliferation

Answer

Promoting ovulation

Answer

Inhibiting luteinizing hormone release

Answer

Reducing progesterone production

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of action of antithyroid drugs?

Accepted Answer

Stimulation of thyrotropin (TSH) release

Answer

Inhibition of thyroid peroxidase

Answer

Inhibition of thyroglobulin proteolysis

Answer

Inhibition of iodine uptake

Question 17

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Cortisol

Question 18

Which of the following drugs is used to treat hyperthyroidism?

Accepted Answer

Methimazole

Answer

Levothyroxine

Answer

Prednisone

Answer

Calcitonin

Question 19

Which of the following hormones is primarily responsible for regulating blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Growth hormone

Question 20

Discuss the critical role of thyroid hormones in fetal development and growth. Outline the potential consequences of both thyroid hormone deficiency and excess at different stages of gestation.

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormones are essential for fetal brain development, skeletal growth, and metabolism.

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormone deficiency during pregnancy can lead to intellectual impairment and stunted growth in the offspring.

Accepted Answer

Excessive thyroid hormone levels during pregnancy can contribute to premature delivery and low birth weight.

Answer

Thyroid hormones are not necessary for fetal development and growth.

Question 21

Which hormone is responsible for developing and maintaining secondary sexual characteristics in females?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Insulin

Question 22

Metformin's primary mode of action in treating type 2 diabetes is to:

Accepted Answer

Lower insulin resistance

Answer

Increase insulin secretion

Answer

Inhibit glucagon release

Answer

Promote glucose uptake in muscle

Question 23

Which of the following is a contraindication for levothyroxine use?

Accepted Answer

Untreated adrenal insufficiency

Answer

Recent myocardial infarction

Answer

Uncontrolled hypertension

Answer

Pregnancy

Question 24

Calcitonin's primary target tissue is the:

Accepted Answer

Bone

Answer

Kidney

Answer

Parathyroid gland

Answer

Gastrointestinal tract

Question 25

Bisphosphonates are used in osteoporosis treatment mainly to:

Accepted Answer

Reduce bone resorption

Answer

Enhance bone formation

Answer

Promote calcium absorption

Answer

Lower parathyroid hormone levels

Question 26

Acarbose, an antidiabetic drug, works by:

Accepted Answer

Inhibiting alpha-glucosidase in the small intestine

Answer

Increasing insulin secretion

Answer

Promoting glucose transport in skeletal muscle

Answer

Blocking glucose absorption in the kidneys

Question 27

Glucocorticoids elicit diverse responses in different cell types. Which statement best explains this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Glucocorticoid effects vary based on the specific cell type and cellular context.

Answer

Glucocorticoids uniformly stimulate all cell types.

Answer

Glucocorticoids invariably inhibit transcription and protein synthesis in all cells.

Answer

Glucocorticoids solely exert anti-inflammatory actions in all cell types.

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a type of anti-diabetic drug?

Accepted Answer

Simvastatin

Answer

Metformin

Answer

Glipizide

Answer

Acarbose

Question 29

Which corticosteroid is used to treat Addison's disease?

Accepted Answer

Hydrocortisone

Answer

Levothyroxine

Answer

Metformin

Answer

Tamoxifen

Question 30

Where does somatotropin, the growth hormone, primarily exert its action?

Accepted Answer

Growth plate cartilage

Answer

Skeletal muscle

Answer

Liver

Answer

Pancreas

Question 31

Which statement about growth hormone (GH) is **false**?

Accepted Answer

GH is not recommended for patients with active cancer.

Answer

GH promotes growth and metabolism.

Answer

GH secretion is controlled by GHRH and GHIH.

Answer

GH stimulates the production of IGF-1, which mediates its growth-promoting effects.

Question 32

Which drug is a potent mineralocorticoid primarily used to treat Addison's disease?

Accepted Answer

Fludrocortisone

Answer

Dexamethasone

Answer

Prednisone

Answer

Spironolactone

Question 33

Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Cortisol

Question 34

Which anti-thyroid medication is commonly used to treat hyperthyroidism?

Accepted Answer

Propylthiouracil

Answer

Lithium

Answer

Levothyroxine

Answer

Iodine

Question 35

Which medication is indicated for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women?

Accepted Answer

Alendronate

Answer

Metformin

Answer

Salmeterol

Answer

Amiodarone

Question 36

Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of glucocorticoids?

Accepted Answer

Hyperglycemia

Answer

Hypoglycemia

Answer

Bradycardia

Answer

Bronchospasm

Question 37

Which hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Thyrotropin (TSH)

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer

Prolactin

Question 38

Which medication is used to treat Cushing's syndrome by inhibiting adrenal steroid synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ketoconazole

Answer

Spironolactone

Answer

Metformin

Answer

Tamoxifen

Question 39

Which drug is known to interact with warfarin, potentially increasing its anticoagulant effect?

Accepted Answer

Amiodarone

Answer

Ibuprofen

Answer

Aspirin

Answer

Acetaminophen

Question 40

Which medication is commonly used for ovulation induction in women with infertility?

Accepted Answer

Clomiphene

Answer

Leuprolide

Answer

Bromocriptine

Answer

Danazol

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT a primary effect of thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Decreased protein synthesis

Answer

Increased metabolism

Answer

Increased lipolysis

Answer

Increased oxygen consumption

Question 42

Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of glucocorticoid therapy?

Accepted Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

Bradycardia

Answer

Hypoglycemia

Question 43

Replacement therapy for Addison's disease involves administering which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Hydrocortisone

Answer

Prednisone

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Thyroxine

Question 44

The primary mechanism of action of anti-thyroid drugs is:

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of thyroid hormone synthesis

Answer

Stimulation of thyroid hormone secretion

Answer

Suppression of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer

Replacement of thyroid hormone

Question 45

Which of the following drugs is a synthetic glucocorticoid, commonly used as an anti-inflammatory medication?

Accepted Answer

Dexamethasone

Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 46

Metformin, an oral medication used to treat type 2 diabetes, acts primarily by:

Accepted Answer

Inhibiting hepatic glucose production and improving insulin sensitivity

Answer

Stimulating insulin secretion from the pancreas

Answer

Promoting glucose uptake by skeletal muscle

Question 47

Levothyroxine, a medication used to treat hypothyroidism, is contraindicated in patients with:

Accepted Answer

Untreated thyrotoxicosis

Answer

Adrenal insufficiency

Answer

Hypothyroidism

Answer

Pregnancy

Question 48

Tamoxifen, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), is primarily used in the treatment of:

Accepted Answer

Breast cancer

Answer

Estrogen antagonist

Answer

Estrogen agonist

Answer

Aromatase inhibitor

Question 49

Metyrapone is a medication primarily used in the treatment of:

Accepted Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

Spironolactone

Answer

Dexamethasone

Answer

Prednisone

Question 50

The most common adverse effect associated with the use of long-acting beta-agonists, medications used to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is:

Accepted Answer

Tachycardia

Answer

Hypotension

Answer

Hypoglycemia

Answer

Constipation

Question 51

Which of the following hormone replacement therapies is associated with an increased risk of developing blood clots (thromboembolism)?

Accepted Answer

Conjugated equine estrogens

Answer

Dienogest

Answer

Transdermal estrogen

Answer

Estradiol valerate

Question 52

Thiazolidinediones, a class of oral medications used to treat type 2 diabetes, exert their primary effect by:

Accepted Answer

Activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ)

Answer

Inhibiting sodium-potassium ATPase

Answer

Stimulating beta-adrenergic receptors

Question 53

The primary site of action of anti-androgens, medications used to treat prostate cancer, is:

Accepted Answer

Androgen receptors

Answer

Estrogen receptors

Answer

Progesterone receptors

Answer

Glucocorticoid receptors