Electricity Fundamentals: Master the Basics of Electrical Engineering

Question 1

What is a true statement about electric charge?

Accepted Answer

Electric charge is a scalar quantity that can be positive or negative.

Answer

Electric charge is a vector quantity that has both magnitude and direction.

Answer

Electric charge can be created or destroyed.

Question 2

What is the SI unit of electric charge?

Accepted Answer

Coulomb

Answer

Ampere

Answer

Volt

Answer

Watt

Question 3

What are the two types of electric charges?

Accepted Answer

Positive and Negative

Answer

Positive and Neutral

Answer

Negative and Neutral

Question 4

What is the primary function of capacitors in electrical circuits? How does their capacitance affect the storage and release of electrical energy?

Accepted Answer

Capacitors store electrical charge and release it when needed, acting as temporary energy reservoirs.

Answer

Capacitors block direct current (DC) but allow alternating current (AC) to pass.

Answer

Capacitors reduce voltage across a circuit.

Answer

Capacitors have no significant role in electrical circuits.

Question 5

What is the SI unit of voltage and what physical quantity does it measure?

Accepted Answer

Volt (V), electric potential difference

Answer

Ampere (A), electric current

Answer

Ohm (Ω), electrical resistance

Answer

Farad (F), electrical capacitance

Question 6

Explain the function of inductors in electrical circuits and describe how their inductance affects the flow of current.

Accepted Answer

Inductors store electrical energy in a magnetic field, opposing changes in current flow.

Answer

Inductors only allow alternating current to pass through them.

Answer

Inductors have no effect on the flow of current in a circuit.

Answer

Inductors increase the voltage across a circuit.

Question 7

Which unit in the International System of Units (SI) measures electric current?

Accepted Answer

Ampere (A)

Answer

Coulomb (C)

Answer

Volt (V)

Answer

Ohm (Ω)

Question 8

Which property listed below is NOT a fundamental property of electricity?

Accepted Answer

Velocity

Answer

Charge

Answer

Current

Answer

Voltage

Question 9

A conductor can be defined as a material that:

Accepted Answer

Allows electrons to flow with ease

Answer

Prevents electrons from flowing

Answer

Stores electrical energy

Answer

Generates electrical current

Question 10

Voltage is measured in which unit?

Accepted Answer

Volts

Answer

Amperes

Answer

Ohms

Answer

Watts

Question 11

The power dissipated in a resistor can be calculated using the formula:

Accepted Answer

P = I^2R

Answer

P = VI

Answer

P = V^2/R

Answer

P = V/I

Question 12

Which circuit element stores electrical energy by creating a magnetic field?

Accepted Answer

Inductor

Answer

Resistor

Answer

Capacitor

Answer

Diode

Question 13

Based on Ohm's Law, the voltage across a resistor is:

Accepted Answer

Proportional to the current flowing through it

Answer

Inversely proportional to the current flowing through it

Answer

Independent of the current flowing through it

Answer

Equal to the current flowing through it

Question 14

The energy stored within a capacitor is given by which formula?

Accepted Answer

E = 1/2 CV^2

Answer

E = CV

Answer

E = 1/2 IV^2

Answer

E = IV

Question 15

An ideal inductor is characterized by which of the following properties?

Accepted Answer

A combination of all three

Answer

Zero resistance

Answer

Infinite inductance

Answer

Blocks DC current

Question 16

In an electrical circuit, what is the function of resistors and how does their resistance value impact the flow of electric current?

Accepted Answer

Resistors regulate current flow by introducing resistance, limiting the current.

Answer

Resistors store and release electrical charge in a circuit.

Answer

Resistors generate voltage in a circuit.

Answer

Resistors act as switches, controlling current flow in a circuit.

Question 17

What is the term for the work done in moving a charge against an electric field?

Accepted Answer

Energy

Answer

Power

Answer

Current

Question 18

In the International System of Units (SI), what is the unit of power, and what physical quantity does it represent?

Accepted Answer

Watt (W), rate of energy transfer

Answer

Coulomb (C), electric charge

Answer

Ohm (Ω), resistance

Answer

Farad (F), capacitance

Question 19

Which of the following is the SI unit of electric charge?

Accepted Answer

Coulomb

Answer

Volt

Answer

Ohm

Answer

Ampere

Question 20

Which of the following factors influence the resistance of a conductor?

Accepted Answer

Length, cross-sectional area, and material

Answer

Length and temperature only

Answer

Cross-sectional area and temperature only

Question 21

What is the mathematical relationship between power, voltage, and current in a circuit?

Accepted Answer

Power = Voltage x Current

Answer

Power = Voltage + Current

Answer

Power = Current / Voltage

Answer

Power = Voltage / Current

Question 22

Which of the following is a property of an insulator?

Accepted Answer

High resistance to current flow

Answer

Low resistance to current flow

Answer

High conductivity

Answer

Low resistivity

Question 23

What is the primary function of a capacitor in a circuit?

Accepted Answer

To store electric charge

Answer

To reduce current flow

Answer

To increase voltage

Answer

To limit power

Question 24

Which of the following is a type of inductor?

Accepted Answer

Coil

Answer

Capacitor

Answer

Resistor

Answer

Diode

Question 25

What is the effect of increasing the frequency of an AC circuit?

Accepted Answer

Inductive reactance increases, capacitive reactance decreases

Answer

Inductive reactance and capacitive reactance both increase

Answer

Inductive reactance decreases, capacitive reactance increases

Question 26

Which electronic device is used to convert AC to DC?

Accepted Answer

Rectifier

Answer

Inverter

Answer

Transformer

Answer

Capacitor

Question 27

What is the SI unit of energy?

Accepted Answer

Joule

Answer

Watt

Answer

Ampere

Question 28

What is the SI unit of electric charge?

Accepted Answer

Coulomb

Answer

Joule

Answer

Volt

Answer

Ampere

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT a property of a good conductor of electricity?

Accepted Answer

High electrical resistance

Answer

Low electrical resistivity

Answer

High electron mobility

Answer

Shiny appearance

Question 30

Which law describes the relationship between current, voltage, and resistance in a circuit?

Accepted Answer

Ohm's Law

Answer

Lenz's Law

Answer

Faraday's Law

Answer

Coulomb's Law

Question 31

What is the formula for calculating the power dissipated in a resistor?

Accepted Answer

P = I^2 * R

Answer

P = V^2 / R

Answer

P = V * I

Answer

P = I / R

Question 32

What is the key difference between an open circuit and a short circuit?

Accepted Answer

An open circuit has infinite resistance, while a short circuit has near-zero resistance.

Answer

An open circuit allows current to flow, while a short circuit does not.

Answer

An open circuit has a high voltage, while a short circuit has a low voltage.

Question 33

What is the primary function of a capacitor in a circuit?

Accepted Answer

To store electrical energy in an electric field

Answer

To block DC current

Answer

To reduce current

Answer

To increase voltage

Question 34

How is the inductance of a coil related to the magnetic field it generates?

Accepted Answer

The inductance is directly proportional to the strength of the magnetic field.

Answer

The inductance is independent of the magnetic field.

Answer

The inductance is inversely proportional to the strength of the magnetic field.

Question 35

What is the fundamental difference between AC and DC current?

Accepted Answer

AC current periodically reverses its direction, while DC current flows in only one direction.

Answer

AC current has a higher frequency than DC current.

Answer

DC current has a higher voltage than AC current.

Question 36

What is the main purpose of a transformer?

Accepted Answer

To change the voltage and/or current levels in a circuit

Answer

To store electrical energy

Answer

To amplify signals

Question 37

State the principle of electromagnetic induction.

Accepted Answer

A changing magnetic field induces an electromotive force (EMF) in a conductor

Answer

A moving conductor in a magnetic field induces an electromotive force (EMF)

Answer

A changing electric field induces an electromotive force (EMF) in a conductor

Question 38

Which of the following is the SI unit of electric charge?

Accepted Answer

Coulomb

Answer

Volt

Answer

Watt

Answer

Ampere

Question 39

What is the potential difference between two points in a circuit when there is no current flowing between them?

Accepted Answer

0 V

Answer

12 V

Answer

1 V

Answer

5 V

Question 40

Which of the following materials is a poor conductor of electricity?

Accepted Answer

Rubber

Answer

Aluminum

Answer

Silver

Answer

Copper

Question 41

What is the energy stored in a capacitor of capacitance C when charged to a voltage V?

Accepted Answer

1/2 CV^2

Answer

1/4 CV^2

Answer

C^2V

Answer

CV

Question 42

Which of the following is a basic circuit element that opposes the flow of current?

Accepted Answer

Resistor

Answer

Diode

Answer

Inductor

Answer

Capacitor

Question 43

What is the relationship between power and energy?

Accepted Answer

Power is the rate of energy transfer.

Answer

Energy is the rate of power transfer.

Answer

Power is the energy stored in a system.

Answer

Power and energy are independent of each other.

Question 44

Which of the following is the SI unit of energy?

Accepted Answer

Joule

Answer

Watt

Answer

Ampere

Answer

Coulomb

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT considered a basic electrical quantity?

Accepted Answer

Force

Answer

Voltage

Answer

Charge

Answer

Current

Question 46

A material that readily permits the flow of electric current is known as a(n):

Accepted Answer

Conductor

Answer

Insulator

Answer

Semiconductor

Question 47

The SI unit of electric potential is the:

Accepted Answer

Volt

Answer

Ampere

Answer

Ohm

Question 48

Which circuit element is designed to store electrical energy in an electric field?

Accepted Answer

Capacitor

Answer

Inductor

Answer

Resistor

Answer

Transistor

Question 49

The measure of the opposition to the flow of electric current in a circuit is known as:

Accepted Answer

Resistance

Answer

Impedance

Answer

Capacitance

Answer

Inductance

Question 50

The rate at which electrical energy is transferred or consumed is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Power

Answer

Voltage

Answer

Current

Answer

Energy

Question 51

A circuit in which the current flows in a single, unchanging direction is known as a:

Accepted Answer

DC circuit

Answer

Series circuit

Answer

AC circuit

Answer

Parallel circuit

Question 52

The inherent property of a material that hinders the flow of electric current is termed:

Accepted Answer

Resistivity

Answer

Conductivity

Answer

Permittivity

Question 53

The component that serves as a source of electromotive force (EMF) in a circuit is the:

Accepted Answer

Battery

Answer

Capacitor

Answer

Resistor