Bones: Structure and Function - Anatomy and Physiology II Quiz

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of bones?

Accepted Answer

Energy storage

Answer

Support and protection

Answer

Movement

Answer

Blood cell production

Question 2

Which type of bone cell is responsible for breaking down bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Answer

Osteoblasts

Answer

Osteocytes

Answer

Osteoprogenitor cells

Question 3

Which of the following is a characteristic of cancellous bone?

Accepted Answer

Spongy and porous

Answer

Dense and compact

Answer

Found only in flat bones

Answer

Lacking in blood vessels

Question 4

The process by which bones are formed is known as:

Accepted Answer

Ossification

Answer

Remodeling

Answer

Osteoporosis

Answer

Osteomalacia

Question 5

Which hormone plays a key role in regulating calcium metabolism and bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Testosterone

Question 6

What is the name of the membrane that covers the outer surface of bones, except for the joints?

Accepted Answer

Periosteum

Answer

Endosteum

Answer

Articular cartilage

Answer

Epiphyseal plate

Question 7

Which type of bone joint allows for the widest range of motion?

Accepted Answer

Ball-and-socket joint

Answer

Hinge joint

Answer

Pivot joint

Answer

Suture

Question 8

True or False: Only long bones can undergo remodeling.

Accepted Answer

False

Answer

True

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of bones?

Accepted Answer

Producing blood cells

Answer

Providing support and protection

Answer

Storing minerals and fat

Answer

Facilitating movement

Question 10

Which type of bone cell is responsible for breaking down bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Answer

Osteoblasts

Answer

Osteocytes

Answer

Osteoprogenitor cells

Question 11

What is the main inorganic mineral component of bone?

Accepted Answer

Calcium hydroxyapatite

Answer

Calcium carbonate

Answer

Sodium phosphate

Answer

Potassium chloride

Question 12

What is the term for the process by which new bone tissue is formed?

Accepted Answer

Ossification

Answer

Calcification

Answer

Remodelling

Answer

Bone growth

Question 13

Which hormone primarily stimulates the resorption (breakdown) of bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer

Calcitonin

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Insulin

Question 14

What is the name of the outermost layer of a long bone that covers and protects it?

Accepted Answer

Periosteum

Answer

Endosteum

Answer

Cancellous bone

Answer

Compact bone

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of an irregular bone?

Accepted Answer

Vertebra

Answer

Humerus

Answer

Femur

Answer

Clavicle

Question 16

What is the primary function of Haversian canals in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

To house blood vessels and nerves

Answer

To provide structural support

Answer

To store minerals

Answer

To facilitate bone growth

Question 17

What is the principle that describes how bone remodels and adapts to mechanical stress?

Accepted Answer

Wolff's law

Answer

Hooke's law

Answer

Pascal's law

Answer

Bernoulli's principle

Question 18

How do bones collaborate with the endocrine system to maintain physiological equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Bones collaborate with the endocrine system to store and release vital minerals like calcium and phosphate.

Answer

Bones secrete hormones that control calcium levels.

Answer

Bones shield the bone marrow, which is controlled by the endocrine system.

Answer

Bones have no significant connection with the endocrine system.

Question 19

Which bone disorder is characterized by reduced bone density, leading to weakened and fragile bones?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis

Answer

Arthritis

Answer

Paget's disease

Answer

Osteomalacia

Question 20

Classify the following bones according to their shape: Femur, Scapula, Phalanges, Parietal

Accepted Answer

Femur: Long, Scapula: Flat, Phalanges: Short, Parietal: Irregular

Answer

Femur: Flat, Scapula: Long, Phalanges: Irregular, Parietal: Short

Answer

Femur: Irregular, Scapula: Short, Phalanges: Long, Parietal: Flat

Answer

Femur: Short, Scapula: Irregular, Phalanges: Flat, Parietal: Long

Question 21

Which bone cell type is responsible for depositing new bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts

Answer

Osteoclasts

Answer

Chondrocytes

Answer

Osteocytes

Question 22

Which hormone is essential for normal bone growth and development?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Question 23

What is the name of the joint between two adjacent vertebrae?

Accepted Answer

Intervertebral joint

Answer

Synovial joint

Answer

Cartilaginous joint

Answer

Fibrous joint

Question 24

Which type of bone remodeling involves the breakdown and removal of old bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Bone resorption

Answer

Appositional bone formation

Answer

Intramembranous ossification

Answer

Endochondral ossification

Question 25

What is the primary mineral component that gives bones their rigidity?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyapatite

Answer

Calcium phosphate

Answer

Collagen

Answer

Keratin

Question 26

What is the name of the connective tissue membrane that lines the inner surface of bones?

Accepted Answer

Endosteum

Answer

Periosteum

Answer

Cartilage

Answer

Ligament

Question 27

Which of the following is not a primary function of bones?

Accepted Answer

Energy reserve

Answer

Support and protection

Answer

Storage of minerals

Answer

Production of blood cells

Question 28

Which type of bone cell is responsible for breaking down bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Answer

Osteoblasts

Answer

Osteocytes

Answer

Osteoprogenitor cells

Question 29

Which hormone is crucial for stimulating bone formation?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Answer

Estrogen

Question 30

Which characteristic describes compact bone?

Accepted Answer

High density and strength

Answer

Trabecular arrangement

Answer

Contains bone marrow

Answer

Found in the interior of flat bones

Question 31

What is the name of the membrane that lines the outer surface of bones?

Accepted Answer

Periosteum

Answer

Endosteum

Answer

Synovial membrane

Answer

Cartilage

Question 32

Which of the following is an example of a long bone?

Accepted Answer

Femur

Answer

Vertebra

Answer

Clavicle

Answer

Scapula

Question 33

Which vitamin is essential for promoting bone health?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D

Answer

Vitamin A

Answer

Vitamin C

Answer

Vitamin B12

Question 34

What is the term for a condition characterized by a decrease in bone density and strength?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis

Answer

Osteomalacia

Answer

Hyperparathyroidism

Answer

Paget's disease

Question 35

Which type of joint permits the greatest range of motion?

Accepted Answer

Ball-and-socket joint

Answer

Hinge joint

Answer

Pivot joint

Answer

Condyloid joint

Question 36

Which type of bone cell is responsible for building and secreting new bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts

Answer

Osteocytes

Answer

Osteoclasts

Answer

Chondrocytes

Question 37

Which type of bone has a cylindrical shape with expanded ends?

Accepted Answer

Long bone

Answer

Flat bone

Answer

Short bone

Answer

Irregular bone

Question 38

What process involves the removal of old bone tissue and its replacement with new bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Remodeling

Answer

Ossification

Answer

Calcification

Answer

Osteogenesis

Question 39

Which of the following minerals is abundantly stored in bone?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Answer

Sodium

Answer

Potassium

Answer

Magnesium

Question 40

What type of connective tissue covers the external surface of bones?

Accepted Answer

Periosteum

Answer

Endosteum

Answer

Compact bone

Answer

Spongy bone

Question 41

Which type of bone cell is responsible for breaking down bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Answer

Osteoblasts

Answer

Osteocytes

Answer

Chondroblasts

Question 42

What is the name of the cartilaginous structure in the developing long bones where growth occurs?

Accepted Answer

Epiphyseal plate

Answer

Diaphysis

Answer

Metaphysis

Answer

Periosteum

Question 43

Which mineral gives bones their hardness?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyapatite

Answer

Collagen

Answer

Calcium carbonate

Answer

Magnesium

Question 44

Which cells are responsible for breaking down bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Answer

Osteoblasts

Answer

Chondrocytes

Answer

Osteocytes

Question 45

What is the name of the tough, fibrous membrane that covers the outer surface of most bones?

Accepted Answer

Periosteum

Answer

Cartilage

Answer

Endosteum

Answer

Ligament

Question 46

Which of the following bones is NOT considered a long bone?

Accepted Answer

Patella

Answer

Tibia

Answer

Ulna

Answer

Humerus

Question 47

What is the main function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Provides structural support and protection

Answer

Stores minerals

Answer

Produces blood cells

Answer

Facilitates movement

Question 48

Which hormone is essential for promoting bone growth and development?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Calcitonin

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Question 49

What is the term for the process by which cartilage is gradually replaced by bone during embryonic development?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification

Answer

Resorption

Answer

Remodeling

Answer

Ossification

Question 50

Which bone disease is characterized by reduced bone density, making bones more susceptible to fractures?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis

Answer

Osteomalacia

Answer

Paget's disease

Answer

Arthritis

Question 51

What bone forms the chin?

Accepted Answer

Mandible

Answer

Maxilla

Answer

Sphenoid bone

Answer

Frontal bone

Question 52

Which type of joint offers the greatest freedom of movement, such as in the shoulder?

Accepted Answer

Ball-and-socket joint

Answer

Pivot joint

Answer

Saddle joint

Answer

Hinge joint