Urinary System Assessment: Master the Techniques for Accurate Evaluation

Question 1

Physical Examination of the Urinary System: Which of the following is a typical finding during a physical examination of a healthy urinary system?

Accepted Answer

Clear urine with no bubbles

Answer

Warmth or tenderness over the kidneys

Answer

Absence of a palpable bladder

Answer

Presence of flank pain

Question 2

Urinary System Abnormalities: What is the term for the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the renal pelvis and calyces?

Accepted Answer

Hydronephrosis

Answer

Pyelonephritis

Answer

Cystitis

Answer

Urethritis

Question 3

Function of the Ureters in the Urinary System: What is the primary function of the ureters?

Accepted Answer

To transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder

Answer

To filter waste products from the blood

Answer

To store urine

Answer

To produce urine

Question 4

Anatomy of the Urinary System: What is the name of the opening through which urine exits the bladder?

Accepted Answer

Urethra

Answer

Ureter

Answer

Nephron

Answer

Renal pelvis

Question 5

Assessment of Urinary Incontinence: When assessing a patient with urinary incontinence, what should be the initial step?

Accepted Answer

Obtaining a detailed history

Answer

Performing a physical examination

Answer

Ordering imaging studies

Answer

Administering antibiotics

Question 6

Types of Urinary Catheters: Which type of urinary catheter is inserted into the bladder through the urethra?

Accepted Answer

Urethral catheter

Answer

Nephrostomy tube

Answer

Cystostomy tube

Answer

Suprapubic catheter

Question 7

During a physical examination of the urinary system, which of the following is a common abnormality?

Accepted Answer

Enlarged prostate gland

Answer

Bulging flank

Answer

Edema in the lower extremities

Answer

Bilateral gynecomastia

Question 8

What is the primary purpose of a urinalysis?

Accepted Answer

To detect urinary tract infections

Answer

To assess renal function

Answer

To evaluate glucose levels

Answer

To measure blood urea nitrogen

Question 9

Which of the following is a common symptom experienced in urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

Accepted Answer

Painful or burning urination

Answer

Increased thirst

Answer

Oliguria

Answer

Nausea

Question 10

When assessing a patient with a suspected urinary system disorder, what should be the initial step?

Accepted Answer

Patient history

Answer

Physical examination

Answer

Laboratory tests

Answer

Imaging studies

Question 11

Which reflex is responsible for coordinating the involuntary voiding of urine?

Accepted Answer

Micturition reflex

Answer

Bulbocavernosus reflex

Answer

Cremasteric reflex

Answer

Anal wink reflex

Question 12

Which hormone is primarily involved in regulating water reabsorption by the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer

Renin

Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Atrial natriuretic peptide

Question 13

Which activity is NOT included among the primary functions of the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells

Answer

Excretion of waste products

Answer

Regulation of blood pressure

Answer

Acid-base balance

Question 14

Which of the following physical examination findings is a sign of urinary retention?

Accepted Answer

Distended bladder

Answer

Absence of bladder fullness

Answer

Oliguria

Answer

Dribbling

Question 15

A urinalysis reveals significant proteinuria. Which of the following is the most likely underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Glomerular damage

Answer

Urinary tract infection

Answer

Volume depletion

Answer

Medications

Question 16

Which physical examination finding is commonly observed in patients with urinary retention?

Accepted Answer

Distended bladder

Answer

Oliguria

Answer

Dysuria

Answer

Urinary incontinence

Question 17

Which imaging modality provides the highest sensitivity for detecting small kidney stones?

Accepted Answer

Computed tomography (CT) scan

Answer

Ultrasound

Answer

Intravenous pyelography (IVP)

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Question 18

What is the primary function of the nephron's loop of Henle?

Accepted Answer

Reabsorption of water and electrolytes

Answer

Filtration of waste products from the blood

Answer

Secretion of hydrogen ions

Answer

Production of urine

Question 19

Which hormone regulates the amount of water reabsorbed in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer

Calcitonin

Question 20

What term describes the involuntary loss of urine?

Accepted Answer

Urinary incontinence

Answer

Urinary retention

Answer

Dysuria

Answer

Oliguria

Question 21

Which nursing intervention is appropriate for a patient experiencing urinary retention?

Accepted Answer

Inserting an indwelling catheter

Answer

Administering pain medication

Answer

Teaching Kegel exercises

Answer

Monitoring intake and output

Question 22

What laboratory test measures the amount of creatinine cleared from the body in the urine?

Accepted Answer

Creatinine clearance test

Answer

Urinalysis

Answer

Urine culture

Answer

Bladder ultrasound

Question 23

When inspecting the urinary system, what finding is considered normal?

Accepted Answer

Symmetrical kidneys

Answer

Enlarged prostate

Answer

Discolored urine

Answer

Tenderness to palpation

Question 24

What is the most common abnormality encountered during palpation of the urinary system?

Accepted Answer

Prostate enlargement

Answer

Kidney stones

Answer

Bladder tumors

Answer

Urethral strictures

Question 25

Which urinalysis finding suggests a urinary tract infection?

Accepted Answer

Presence of bacteria

Answer

High specific gravity

Answer

Low pH

Answer

Absence of protein

Question 26

What is the primary purpose of a creatinine clearance test?

Accepted Answer

To approximate glomerular filtration rate

Answer

To diagnose urinary tract infections

Answer

To visualize the kidneys

Answer

To treat kidney stones

Question 27

What does a high specific gravity on a urinalysis typically indicate?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration

Answer

Overhydration

Answer

Urinary tract infection

Answer

Kidney failure

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a component of the renal corpuscle?

Accepted Answer

Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

Answer

Glomerulus

Answer

Bowman's capsule

Answer

Afferent arteriole

Question 29

What is the primary function of the loop of Henle in the kidney?

Accepted Answer

Concentration of urine

Answer

Reabsorption of electrolytes and water

Answer

Production of hormones

Answer

Filtration of blood

Question 30

Which hormone is released by the kidneys in response to decreased blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Renin

Answer

Erythropoietin

Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 31

What is the typical appearance of urine with a high specific gravity?

Accepted Answer

Dark yellow and concentrated

Answer

Pale yellow and clear

Answer

Pink or red

Answer

Milky or cloudy

Question 32

Which type of urinary tract infection (UTI) typically involves the upper urinary tract, including the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Pyelonephritis

Answer

Cystitis

Answer

Urethritis

Answer

Prostatitis

Question 33

What is the most common cause of nocturia (excessive nighttime urination)?

Accepted Answer

Prostate enlargement (BPH)

Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Answer

Overactive bladder

Answer

Kidney stones

Question 34

During a urinary system assessment, which physical examination finding is frequently associated with urinary tract infection (UTI)?

Accepted Answer

Tenderness over the suprapubic area

Answer

Tenderness at the costovertebral angle

Answer

Enlarged prostate on palpation

Answer

Ascites indicated by fluid accumulation in the abdomen

Question 35

For evaluating the structure and function of the kidneys, which imaging study is the most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous pyelogram (IVP) using dye and X-rays

Answer

Ultrasound using sound waves to create images

Answer

Computed tomography (CT) scan using X-rays and computers

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using magnets and radio waves

Question 36

What is the medical term for the enlargement of the renal pelvis and calyces due to urine flow obstruction?

Accepted Answer

Hydronephrosis

Answer

Pyelonephritis (inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney tissue)

Answer

Cystitis (inflammation of the bladder)

Answer

Polycystic kidney disease (a condition marked by multiple cysts in the kidneys)

Question 37

Which hormone plays a crucial role in promoting water reabsorption by the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer

Aldosterone (a hormone involved in sodium and potassium balance)

Answer

Renin (a hormone involved in blood pressure regulation)

Answer

Erythropoietin (a hormone involved in red blood cell production)

Question 38

What is the primary function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood pressure

Answer

Filtration of waste products from the blood

Answer

Reabsorption of water from the filtrate

Answer

Secretion of hormones into the bloodstream

Question 39

The presence of protein in the urine is medically referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Proteinuria

Answer

Hematuria (presence of blood in the urine)

Answer

Glycosuria (presence of glucose in the urine)

Answer

Ketonuria (presence of ketones in the urine)

Question 40

Among urinary tract infections (UTIs), which type is most commonly encountered?

Accepted Answer

Cystitis (infection of the bladder)

Answer

Pyelonephritis (infection of the kidneys)

Answer

Urethritis (infection of the urethra)

Answer

Prostatitis (infection of the prostate gland)

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT typically a component of a physical examination of the urinary system?

Accepted Answer

Auscultation of the kidneys

Answer

Percussion of the bladder

Answer

Inspection of the external genitalia

Answer

Palpation of the kidneys

Question 42

Which laboratory test is used to assess the level of creatinine in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Serum creatinine

Answer

24-hour urine creatinine clearance

Answer

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

Answer

Urinalysis

Question 43

Which imaging study utilizes an intravenous contrast medium to visualize the kidneys, ureters, and bladder?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous pyelogram (IVP)

Answer

Computed tomography (CT) scan

Answer

Ultrasound

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Question 44

Which urinalysis finding is indicative of a urinary tract infection (UTI)?

Accepted Answer

Presence of pyuria (pus cells)

Answer

Low specific gravity

Answer

Absence of glucose

Answer

High pH

Question 45

Which symptom is commonly associated with overactive bladder?

Accepted Answer

Frequent urination

Answer

Dysuria (painful urination)

Answer

Hematuria (blood in urine)

Question 46

Which surgical procedure involves creating an人工 opening in the body to allow urine to drain from the bladder?

Accepted Answer

Urostomy

Answer

Nephrectomy (surgical removal of a kidney)

Answer

Cystoscopy (visual examination of the bladder)

Answer

Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

Question 47

Which nursing intervention is essential for a patient with acute renal failure?

Accepted Answer

Monitoring fluid intake and output

Answer

Performing peritoneal dialysis

Answer

Providing dietary counseling

Answer

Administering antibiotics

Question 48

Which interprofessional collaboration is crucial for the comprehensive management of urinary incontinence?

Accepted Answer

Urologist and physical therapist

Answer

Physician assistant and respiratory therapist

Answer

Nurse and social worker

Question 49

During a urine dipstick test, a dark green color change indicates the presence of:

Accepted Answer

Bilirubin

Answer

Leukocytes

Answer

Ketones

Answer

Glucose

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT a component of a urinalysis?

Accepted Answer

Blood pressure measurement

Answer

Chemical analysis of the urine

Answer

Microscopic examination of the urine sediment

Answer

Physical examination of the urine

Question 51

When assessing a patient's urinary system, which of the following physical examination findings would be considered abnormal?

Accepted Answer

Suprapubic tenderness

Answer

Clear amber urine

Answer

Symmetrical lower abdominal contours

Answer

Absence of flank pain

Question 52

Which imaging study provides detailed cross-sectional images of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder?

Accepted Answer

Computed tomography (CT) urogram

Answer

Renal ultrasound

Answer

Voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)

Answer

Intravenous pyelogram (IVP)

Question 53

A patient presents with a urine specific gravity of 1.030. This finding suggests:

Accepted Answer

Dilute urine

Answer

Normal urine osmolality

Answer

Polyuria

Answer

Concentrated urine

Question 54

Which of the following laboratory tests is primarily used to assess renal function?

Accepted Answer

Serum creatinine

Answer

Glucose

Answer

BUN

Answer

Sodium

Question 55

A patient with a urinary tract infection (UTI) would most likely have which of the following findings on a urinalysis?

Accepted Answer

Pyuria

Answer

Hematuria

Answer

Glycosuria

Answer

Proteinuria

Question 56

Which of the following assessment techniques can be used to evaluate the patient's ability to empty the bladder?

Accepted Answer

Post-void residual (PVR) measurement

Answer

Cystourethroscopy

Answer

24-hour urine collection

Answer

Creatinine clearance test

Question 57

Which of the following is an indication for a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test?

Accepted Answer

Prostate cancer screening

Answer

Urinary tract infection diagnosis

Answer

Renal function assessment