Gastrointestinal Drugs: Pharmacology for Nurses

Question 1

Which of the following adverse effects is commonly associated with the use of histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs)?

Accepted Answer

Hyperprolactinemia

Answer

Drug-induced hepatitis

Answer

Thrombocytopenia

Answer

Nephrotoxicity

Question 2

Which medication is commonly used to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)?

Accepted Answer

Mesalamine

Answer

Cimetidine

Answer

Omeprazole

Answer

Ondansetron

Question 3

What key feature distinguishes sucralfate from other antiulcer agents?

Accepted Answer

Formation of a protective barrier over the ulcer

Answer

Inhibition of gastric acid secretion

Answer

Stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis

Answer

Promotion of cell division and healing

Question 4

Which of the following statements accurately describes the use of bismuth subsalicylate?

Accepted Answer

It is primarily used to treat Helicobacter pylori infection

Answer

It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis

Answer

It is a strong acid suppressor

Answer

It is contraindicated in patients with renal impairment

Question 5

Proton pump inhibitors exert their primary therapeutic effect by:

Accepted Answer

Inhibiting the H+/K+ ATPase pump

Answer

Inhibiting histamine H2 receptors

Answer

Blocking acetylcholine receptors

Answer

Stimulating prostaglandin synthesis

Question 6

A potential long-term adverse effect of proton pump inhibitor use is:

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis

Answer

Gastric atrophy

Answer

Tardive dyskinesia

Answer

Iron deficiency

Question 7

Which of the following is a common adverse effect experienced with H2 receptor antagonists?

Accepted Answer

Constipation

Answer

Bradycardia

Answer

Extrapyramidal symptoms

Answer

Pneumonia

Question 8

A potential adverse effect of mesalamine includes:

Accepted Answer

Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Answer

Kidney failure

Answer

Myelosuppression

Answer

Hepatotoxicity

Question 9

The primary mechanism of action of corticosteroids in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease is through:

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of inflammatory mediators

Answer

Stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis

Answer

Blockade of histamine H2 receptors

Answer

Reduction of gastric acid secretion

Question 10

The drug of choice for treating active peptic ulcer disease, which is characterized by sores in the lining of the stomach or duodenum, is:

Accepted Answer

Omeprazole, a PPI that potently reduces stomach acid production

Answer

Sucralfate, which forms a protective coating over the ulcer

Answer

Cimetidine, an H2RA that effectively lowers stomach acid levels

Answer

Ranitidine, an H2RA commonly used for heartburn relief

Question 11

Which of the following is the most common side effect of corticosteroids, a class of drugs used to reduce inflammation, which are commonly prescribed to treat IBD?

Accepted Answer

Cushing's syndrome, characterized by weight gain, high blood pressure, and diabetes

Answer

Adrenal insufficiency, or decreased production of hormones by the adrenal glands

Answer

Pneumonia, or inflammation of the lungs

Answer

Hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar levels

Question 12

Which of the following nursing interventions is particularly important when administering antidiarrheal medications?

Accepted Answer

Monitoring for electrolyte imbalances, as diarrhea can lead to dehydration and electrolyte loss

Answer

Encouraging fluid intake to prevent dehydration

Answer

Administering with food to reduce stomach upset

Answer

Avoiding concurrent use with other medications, as antidiarrheals can interact with other drugs

Question 13

Which of the following drugs is used to treat gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in infants?

Accepted Answer

Omeprazole, a type of PPI, which effectively reduces stomach acid production

Answer

Ondansetron, an antiemetic, which is used to prevent nausea and vomiting

Answer

Ranitidine, an H2RA, which is commonly used to treat heartburn in adults

Answer

Sucralfate, which is used to protect the stomach lining from damage

Question 14

Which of the following drugs is a proton pump inhibitor used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Accepted Answer

Omeprazole

Answer

Cimetidine

Answer

Ranitidine

Answer

Sucralfate

Question 15

The primary mechanism of action for histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease is:

Accepted Answer

Inhibiting gastric acid secretion

Answer

Increasing mucosal blood flow

Answer

Neutralizing stomach acid

Answer

Promoting ulcer healing

Question 16

The primary action of mesalamine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis is:

Accepted Answer

Anti-inflammatory

Answer

Antibiotic

Answer

Immunosuppressive

Answer

Cytotoxic

Question 17

Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of bismuth subsalicylate?

Accepted Answer

Aspirin allergy

Answer

Pregnancy

Answer

Chronic renal failure

Answer

Hepatic impairment

Question 18

The recommended route of administration for octreotide in the treatment of diarrhea associated with carcinoid syndrome is:

Accepted Answer

Subcutaneous

Answer

Oral

Answer

Intravenous

Answer

Intramuscular

Question 19

Which of the following is a potential nursing intervention for a patient receiving laxatives?

Accepted Answer

Monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance

Answer

Administering antacids concurrently

Answer

Restricting fluids to prevent dehydration

Answer

Avoiding foods high in fiber

Question 20

The action of cholinergic drugs in the management of paralytic ileus is to:

Accepted Answer

Increase gastrointestinal motility

Answer

Decrease gastric emptying

Answer

Inhibit gastric acid secretion

Answer

Induce vomiting

Question 21

Which of the following is an indication for octreotide therapy in the treatment of gastrointestinal emergencies?

Accepted Answer

Acute pancreatitis

Answer

Upper GI bleeding

Answer

Lower GI bleeding

Answer

Intestinal obstruction

Question 22

Which anticholinergic medication is used to treat peptic ulcer disease?

Accepted Answer

Propantheline

Answer

Omeprazole

Answer

Cimetidine

Answer

Metoclopramide

Question 23

Which of the following is a proton pump inhibitor, a class of drugs that reduce stomach acid production?

Accepted Answer

Omeprazole

Answer

Cimetidine

Answer

Metoclopramide

Question 24

Which medication is a selective COX-2 inhibitor primarily used to treat osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis?

Accepted Answer

Celecoxib

Answer

Ibuprofen

Answer

Diclofenac

Answer

Meloxicam

Question 25

Which of these drugs is a proton pump inhibitor that works by blocking the H+, K+-ATPase enzyme in gastric parietal cells, reducing gastric acid secretion?

Accepted Answer

Omeprazole

Answer

Ranitidine

Answer

Metoclopramide

Answer

Loperamide

Question 26

Which medication in the list is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI)?

Accepted Answer

Omeprazole

Answer

Cimetidine

Answer

Metoclopramide

Question 27

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)?

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of gastric acid secretion by blocking the H+/K+ ATPase pump

Answer

Inhibition of histamine H2 receptors

Answer

Stimulation of mucus production

Answer

Neutralization of gastric acid

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a potential adverse effect of antacids?

Accepted Answer

Liver damage

Answer

Diarrhea

Answer

Constipation

Answer

Metabolic alkalosis

Question 29

Which of the following drugs is primarily used to induce remission in severe active ulcerative colitis?

Accepted Answer

Infliximab

Answer

Mesalamine

Answer

Budesonide

Answer

Omeprazole

Question 30

What is the primary mechanism of action of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA)?

Accepted Answer

Reduction of mucosal inflammation

Answer

Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis

Answer

Blockade of histamine H2 receptors

Answer

Neutralization of gastric acid

Question 31

Which of the following is a key nursing intervention for patients taking bismuth subsalicylate?

Accepted Answer

Monitor for tinnitus

Answer

Administer with food to minimize nausea

Answer

Avoid taking with other medications

Answer

Limit caffeine intake

Question 32

What is the primary mechanism by which antacids provide relief from stomach discomfort?

Accepted Answer

Neutralizing stomach acid

Answer

Suppressing gastric acid secretion

Answer

Stimulating mucus production

Answer

Promoting gastric emptying

Question 33

What is the primary action of prokinetic drugs?

Accepted Answer

Increasing gastric emptying

Answer

Decreasing gastric acid secretion

Answer

Neutralizing stomach acid

Answer

Promoting mucosal healing

Question 34

Among the following antibiotics, which is considered the most effective in treating Helicobacter pylori infection?

Accepted Answer

Clarithromycin

Answer

Amoxicillin

Answer

Metronidazole

Answer

Tetracycline

Question 35

What is the unique mechanism by which sucralfate provides relief from stomach discomfort?

Accepted Answer

Forms a protective barrier on the gastric mucosa

Answer

Stimulates mucus production

Answer

Neutralizes stomach acid

Answer

Increases gastric emptying

Question 36

Which of the following is the primary mechanism of action of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)?

Accepted Answer

Inhibiting gastric acid secretion

Answer

Inhibiting histamine release

Answer

Neutralizing gastric acid

Answer

Stimulating mucus production

Question 37

Which of the following conditions is an indication for sucralfate use?

Accepted Answer

Peptic ulcer disease

Answer

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Answer

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Answer

Ulcerative colitis

Question 38

What is the primary difference between PPIs and H2RAs?

Accepted Answer

PPIs inhibit gastric acid secretion more effectively than H2RAs.

Answer

H2RAs are more likely to cause adverse effects than PPIs.

Answer

PPIs are only available as oral formulations, while H2RAs are available in both oral and injectable forms.

Answer

H2RAs have a shorter duration of action than PPIs.

Question 39

Which of the following medications functions by blocking histamine-2 receptors?

Accepted Answer

Ranitidine

Answer

Omeprazole

Answer

Sucralfate

Answer

Metoclopramide

Question 40

Which drug forms a protective barrier on the gastric mucosa?

Accepted Answer

Sucralfate

Answer

Misoprostol

Answer

Bismuth subsalicylate

Answer

Omeprazole

Question 41

Which side effect is commonly associated with anticholinergic medication use?

Accepted Answer

Constipation

Answer

Diarrhea

Answer

Nausea

Answer

Vomiting

Question 42

Which of the following most accurately describes the primary mechanism of action of antacids?

Accepted Answer

Neutralizing gastric acid

Answer

Inhibiting gastric acid secretion

Answer

Promoting gastric emptying

Answer

Stimulating intestinal motility

Question 43

Which condition is a primary indication for the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)?

Accepted Answer

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Answer

Prevention of peptic ulcers

Answer

Management of diarrhea

Answer

Treatment of constipation

Question 44

What is the primary mechanism of action of sucralfate?

Accepted Answer

Forming a protective barrier over mucosal lesions

Answer

Stimulating gastric acid secretion

Answer

Neutralizing gastric acid

Answer

Promoting gastric emptying

Question 45

Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of anticholinergic antispasmodics?

Accepted Answer

Narrow-angle glaucoma

Answer

Gastroparesis

Answer

Ulcerative colitis

Answer

Hypertension

Question 46

What is the primary indication for using laxatives?

Accepted Answer

Treatment of constipation

Answer

Prevention of diarrhea

Answer

Management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Answer

Treatment of peptic ulcers

Question 47

What is the primary mechanism of action of antidiarrheal agents?

Accepted Answer

Inhibiting intestinal motility

Answer

Stimulating intestinal secretion

Answer

Promoting gastric emptying

Answer

Neutralizing stomach acid

Question 48

Which of the following is a potential drug interaction associated with the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)?

Accepted Answer

Decreased absorption of atazanavir

Answer

Increased absorption of digoxin

Answer

Reduced metabolism of warfarin

Answer

Enhanced excretion of methotrexate

Question 49

Which mechanism of action is **primary** for proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)?

Accepted Answer

Inactivation of the H+/K+-ATPase pump

Answer

Inhibition of histamine H2 receptors

Answer

Neutralization of gastric acid

Answer

Stimulation of gastric mucus production

Question 50

Which drug is **classified** as a prokinetic agent?

Accepted Answer

Metoclopramide

Answer

Ondansetron

Answer

Ranitidine

Answer

Esomeprazole

Question 51

Which drug is a **non-absorbable** osmotic laxative?

Accepted Answer

Polyethylene glycol

Answer

Lactulose

Answer

Bisacodyl

Answer

Senna

Question 52

Which drug is **specifically** indicated for treating irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea?

Accepted Answer

Alosetron

Answer

Loperamide

Answer

Lubiprostone

Answer

Lansoprazole