Hypertension: Causes, Types, and Impact on the Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Which of the following is a known risk factor for developing hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Excessive alcohol consumption

Accepted Answer

Smoking

Answer

Regular exercise

Answer

Low sodium diet

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a primary risk factor for hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Elevated blood glucose levels

Answer

Advanced age

Answer

Obesity

Answer

Tobacco use

Question 3

The leading cause of secondary hypertension worldwide is:

Accepted Answer

Chronic kidney disease

Answer

Aortic stenosis

Answer

Thyroid disorders

Answer

Pheochromocytoma

Question 4

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is involved in the regulation of blood pressure. Which hormone is NOT part of the RAAS?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Renin

Answer

Angiotensin II

Answer

Aldosterone

Question 5

Which of the following lifestyle modifications is NOT recommended for managing hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Increased alcohol consumption

Answer

Regular physical activity

Answer

Weight loss

Answer

Reduced sodium intake

Question 6

The initial treatment for a hypertensive crisis involves:

Accepted Answer

Intravenous antihypertensive medications

Answer

Oral antihypertensive medications

Answer

Lifestyle modifications

Answer

Observation only

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a common risk factor for developing hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Regular physical exercise

Answer

Obesity

Answer

Smoking

Answer

Excessive alcohol intake

Question 8

Which of the following potential complications is NOT associated with uncontrolled hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Arthritis

Answer

Heart failure

Answer

Stroke

Answer

Kidney disease

Question 9

What type of hypertension is caused by an underlying medical condition?

Accepted Answer

Secondary hypertension

Answer

Primary hypertension

Answer

Essential hypertension

Answer

Malignant hypertension

Question 10

What is the primary mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors in the treatment of hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme

Answer

Dilation of blood vessels and reduction of peripheral vascular resistance

Answer

Increase in cardiac output

Answer

Diuretic effect leading to fluid loss

Question 11

What is the top priority for a nurse managing a patient with hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Monitoring blood pressure and assessing for complications

Answer

Administering antihypertensive medications as prescribed

Answer

Providing patient education about hypertension management

Answer

Controlling pain and discomfort

Question 12

Which of the following is a type of hypertension caused by an underlying medical condition?

Accepted Answer

Secondary hypertension

Answer

Primary hypertension

Answer

White coat hypertension

Answer

Masked hypertension

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a potential complication of untreated or uncontrolled hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Anemia

Answer

Heart failure

Answer

Stroke

Answer

Renal failure

Question 14

Which diagnostic technique is used to measure blood pressure outside of a clinical setting over a 24-hour period?

Accepted Answer

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring

Answer

Sphygmomanometer

Answer

Electrocardiogram

Answer

Urine analysis

Question 15

Which landmark research study provided evidence supporting the benefits of lifestyle modifications in the prevention of hypertension?

Accepted Answer

DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) trial

Answer

Framingham Heart Study

Answer

MRFIT (Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial)

Answer

STOP-Hypertension (Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension)

Question 16

Which of the following factors is NOT associated with an increased risk of hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Regular exercise

Answer

Obesity

Answer

Physical inactivity

Answer

Excessive alcohol consumption

Question 17

Which type of hypertension is caused by an identifiable underlying medical condition?

Accepted Answer

Secondary hypertension

Answer

Primary hypertension

Answer

Resistant hypertension

Answer

Malignant hypertension

Question 18

Which class of antihypertensive medications primarily works by inhibiting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system?

Accepted Answer

ACE inhibitors

Answer

Beta-blockers

Answer

Calcium channel blockers

Answer

Diuretics

Question 19

What is the most prevalent type of secondary hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Renal artery stenosis

Answer

Pheochromocytoma

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

Coarctation of the aorta

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a potential complication of uncontrolled hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis

Answer

Heart failure

Answer

Stroke

Answer

Kidney failure

Question 21

What is generally considered the first-line medication class for treating uncomplicated hypertension?

Accepted Answer

ACE inhibitors

Answer

Beta-blockers

Answer

Diuretics

Answer

Calcium channel blockers

Question 22

What is the primary mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors in hypertension treatment?

Accepted Answer

They block the renin-angiotensin system

Answer

They increase nitric oxide production

Answer

They reduce sympathetic nervous system activity

Answer

They promote sodium excretion

Question 23

Which of the following is a secondary cause of hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Renal artery stenosis

Accepted Answer

Pheochromocytoma

Accepted Answer

Primary aldosteronism

Answer

Essential hypertension

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for developing hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Regular physical activity

Answer

Obesity

Answer

Sedentary lifestyle

Answer

Genetics

Question 25

What is the most prevalent type of hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Primary hypertension

Answer

Secondary hypertension

Answer

Malignant hypertension

Answer

White coat hypertension

Question 26

Which lifestyle modification is NOT recommended for preventing and managing hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Consuming a high-sodium diet

Answer

Maintaining a healthy weight

Answer

Participating in regular exercise

Answer

Quitting smoking

Question 27

What is the target blood pressure recommended for most adults with hypertension?

Accepted Answer

120/80 mmHg

Answer

130/85 mmHg

Answer

140/90 mmHg

Answer

150/95 mmHg

Question 28

Which of the following is the most common underlying cause of secondary hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Renal artery stenosis

Answer

Hyperthyroidism

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

Coarctation of the aorta

Question 29

Which of the following is **not** a type of medication commonly used to treat hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Statins

Answer

ACE inhibitors

Answer

Diuretics

Answer

Beta-blockers

Question 30

What is the primary mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors in hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Blocking the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Answer

Increasing nitric oxide production

Answer

Inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the kidneys

Answer

Stimulating vasodilation

Question 31

Which of the following lifestyle modifications is **not** recommended for managing hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Increased sodium intake

Answer

Regular exercise

Answer

Weight loss

Answer

Reduced stress

Question 32

Which of the following is **not** a risk factor for developing hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Regular physical activity

Answer

Family history

Answer

Obesity

Answer

High cholesterol

Question 33

Which of the following can be a complication of uncontrolled hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Coronary artery disease

Accepted Answer

Chronic kidney disease

Accepted Answer

Stroke

Answer

Cancer

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT a direct complication of hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Cancer

Answer

Heart failure

Answer

Stroke

Answer

Kidney disease

Question 35

Which of the following is a factor that can help prevent hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Regular exercise

Answer

Obesity

Answer

Smoking

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT generally considered a risk factor for developing hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Regular exercise

Answer

Obesity

Answer

Advancing age

Answer

Family history of hypertension

Question 37

Which of the following is a serious potential complication of uncontrolled hypertension if left untreated?

Accepted Answer

Stroke

Answer

Gastrointestinal bleeding

Answer

Skin rash

Answer

Pneumonia

Question 38

Which of the following lifestyle modifications is known to be beneficial in reducing blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Regular exercise

Answer

Excessive sodium intake

Answer

Smoking

Answer

High-fat diet

Question 39

What is the most prevalent cause of secondary hypertension, a type of hypertension that has an identifiable underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Renal artery stenosis

Answer

Pheochromocytoma

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

Primary aldosteronism

Question 40

Which of the following is **NOT** a known risk factor for developing hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Low sodium intake

Answer

Excessive alcohol intake

Answer

Obesity

Answer

Physical inactivity

Question 41

Which of the following is a mechanism by which hypertension damages the heart muscle?

Accepted Answer

Increased myocardial workload

Answer

Reduced myocardial oxygen demand

Answer

Improved cardiac function

Answer

Decreased coronary blood flow

Question 42

Which type of hypertension develops during pregnancy and typically resolves after delivery?

Accepted Answer

Gestational hypertension

Answer

Secondary hypertension

Answer

Primary hypertension

Answer

Malignant hypertension

Question 43

Which of the following lifestyle changes can help prevent or manage hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Regular aerobic exercise

Answer

Smoking

Answer

High sodium intake

Answer

Excessive alcohol consumption

Question 44

Which of the following is a potential long-term complication of uncontrolled hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Stroke

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Appendicitis

Answer

Hypoglycemia

Question 45

Which of the following symptoms may be associated with hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Headaches

Answer

Diarrhea

Answer

Rash

Answer

Nausea

Question 46

Which of the following is a pathophysiological mechanism that leads to hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Increased systemic vascular resistance

Answer

Decreased cardiac output

Answer

Reduced blood volume

Answer

Improved vasodilation

Question 47

According to the current guidelines, what blood pressure levels are used to diagnose hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 80 mmHg

Answer

Heart rate > 90 bpm

Answer

Systolic blood pressure < 120 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure < 70 mmHg

Question 48

Which of the following is an appropriate nursing intervention for managing hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Regularly monitoring blood pressure

Answer

Inserting a urinary catheter

Answer

Administering insulin injections

Answer

Providing wound care