The Endocrine System: Structure, Function, and Disorders

Question 1

Which hormone is produced by the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 2

When blood osmolality increases, which hormone is released by the posterior pituitary gland to maintain fluid balance?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Question 3

When the body experiences stress, which hormone is primarily secreted by the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Antidiuretic hormone

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Estrogen

Question 4

Which hormones are NOT produced by the anterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 5

When the body experiences stress, which hormone is released by the anterior pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 6

Which hormone, released in response to stress, triggers the body's 'fight-or-flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 7

Which hormone is not produced by the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

DHEA

Question 8

Which hormone, produced by the posterior pituitary gland, plays a crucial role in regulating water balance in the body?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Insulin

Question 9

Which hormone regulates blood sugar levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Question 10

Which hormones regulate calcium storage in the body?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone increases calcium storage, while calcitonin decreases it.

Answer

Both parathyroid hormone and calcitonin increase calcium storage.

Answer

Both parathyroid hormone and calcitonin decrease calcium storage.

Answer

Parathyroid hormone has no effect on calcium storage, while calcitonin decreases it.

Question 11

Which hormone is exclusively secreted by the posterior pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone

Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Question 12

Which hormone, secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Answer

Antidiuretic hormone

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Insulin

Question 13

Which hormone triggers the release of thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Question 14

Which hormone is responsible for raising blood sugar levels by prompting the liver to release glucose?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Insulin

Question 15

In the regulation of adrenal glands, which hormone triggers the release of hormones from the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 16

Which hormone triggers the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH)

Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 17

Which hormone produced by the hypothalamus stimulates the posterior pituitary gland to release oxytocin?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin-releasing hormone (ORH)

Answer

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

Answer

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 18

Which hormone, secreted by the pancreas, plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Thyroid Hormone

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a function of the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

Digesting food

Answer

Regulating metabolism

Answer

Controlling reproduction

Answer

Maintaining fluid balance

Question 20

Which hormone stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete growth hormone?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone-releasing hormone

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Thyroxine

Question 21

Which endocrine gland secretes growth hormone and prolactin, hormones essential for growth and development?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Parathyroid gland

Question 22

Which hormone released from the posterior pituitary triggers uterine contractions during childbirth?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 23

Which hormone, produced by the anterior pituitary gland, is crucial for growth and development during childhood and adolescence?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer

Prolactin (PRL)

Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 24

Which hormone is produced by the posterior pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 25

Which endocrine gland is primarily responsible for regulating blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Pancreas

Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Thyroid gland

Question 26

Which hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland triggers the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Answer

Prolactin (PRL)

Question 27

Which hormone, secreted by the pituitary gland, is responsible for stimulating bone and cartilage growth?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 28

Which hormone is responsible for controlling the body's resting metabolic rate?

Accepted Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Cortisol

Question 29

Which hormone secreted by the pituitary gland is responsible for stimulating bone growth in children and adolescents?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 30

Which hormone is produced by the posterior pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Question 31

Which hormone triggers the thyroid gland to release thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 32

Which hormone is exclusively produced by the adrenal medulla?

Accepted Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)

Question 33

Which hormone is responsible for controlling blood sugar levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Glucagon

Question 34

Which hormone is responsible for controlling the release of thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer

Blood sugar levels

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 35

Which hormone triggers the growth of female secondary sexual characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Growth hormone

Question 36

Which hormone is responsible for promoting growth and development in the body?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 37

What are the primary functions of the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

Regulates metabolism, growth, reproduction, and homeostasis

Answer

Secretes enzymes directly into the bloodstream

Answer

Functions exclusively during developmental stages

Answer

Unaffected by external influences

Question 38

Which hormone is produced by the anterior pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Antidiuretic hormone

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Insulin

Question 39

Which factor is essential for regulating hormone secretion by the anterior pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Feedback from target tissues

Answer

Blood glucose levels

Answer

Sympathetic nervous system stimulation

Answer

Hormonal signals from the pancreas

Question 40

Which defining characteristic of the endocrine system involves the release of hormones directly into the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Hormones are released into the bloodstream.

Answer

The endocrine system is independent of other systems.

Answer

The endocrine system is only active during certain life stages.

Answer

The endocrine system solely uses chemical signals for communication.

Question 41

Which endocrine disorder is characterized by an underactive thyroid gland, causing symptoms like fatigue, weight gain, and sensitivity to cold temperatures?

Accepted Answer

Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Answer

Graves' disease

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

Addison's disease

Question 42

Which hormone regulates blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Calcitonin

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 43

Which endocrine gland, situated in the neck, is responsible for producing hormones that regulate growth and metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Adrenal glands

Answer

Pancreas

Question 44

After childbirth, which hormone is the primary inducer of lactation in women?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Oxytocin

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 45

How does the endocrine system influence the aging process?

Accepted Answer

Contributes to aging by decreasing hormone production and altering hormone sensitivity

Answer

Accelerates aging by increasing growth hormone production

Answer

Has no role in aging

Answer

Slows aging by maintaining hormone levels

Question 46

How does the hypothalamus control hormone release from the anterior pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus releases hormones that stimulate or inhibit hormone production in the anterior pituitary.

Answer

The hypothalamus regulates blood flow to the anterior pituitary, controlling hormone release.

Answer

The hypothalamus directly sends nerve signals to the anterior pituitary to control hormone release.

Answer

The hypothalamus does not play a role in regulating hormone release from the anterior pituitary.

Question 47

What are endocrine disruptors, and how can they impact human health? Provide two specific examples of these chemicals.

Accepted Answer

Endocrine disruptors are chemicals that interfere with the endocrine system, potentially causing developmental issues, reproductive problems, and certain cancers.

Accepted Answer

Examples of endocrine disruptors include bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates.

Answer

Endocrine disruptors only affect the endocrine glands.

Answer

The effects of endocrine disruptors on human health are usually reversible.

Question 48

Which of the following is a common clinical manifestation of hyperthyroidism?

Accepted Answer

Weight loss

Answer

Bradycardia

Answer

Lethargy

Answer

Constipation

Question 49

How does the endocrine system contribute to immune function regulation?

Accepted Answer

The endocrine system suppresses immune responses to prevent excessive inflammation.

Answer

The endocrine system releases hormones that amplify antibody production.

Answer

The endocrine system has no role in regulating immune function.

Question 50

What is the main goal of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for people with endocrine disorders?

Accepted Answer

To restore hormone balance and relieve symptoms caused by hormone deficiencies.

Answer

To boost the body's own hormone production, reducing the need for external hormone supplements.

Answer

To provide symptom relief without treating the underlying cause of endocrine disorders.

Answer

To prevent the development of new endocrine disorders.

Question 51

Which of the following best describes the endocrine system's role in maintaining calcium balance?

Accepted Answer

The parathyroid glands release PTH, which boosts calcium absorption in the kidneys and triggers bone breakdown to release calcium.

Answer

The thyroid gland produces calcitonin, which prevents calcium release from bones.

Answer

The adrenal glands secrete aldosterone, which aids calcium absorption in the small intestine.

Question 52

How does the endocrine system influence the reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

The endocrine system controls hormone production in the reproductive organs, affecting development, function, and fertility.

Answer

The reproductive system produces hormones that regulate the endocrine glands.

Answer

The endocrine and reproductive systems are independent and do not interact.

Answer

The reproductive system only affects the endocrine system during pregnancy and lactation.

Question 53

What gland secretes the hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Parathyroid gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Question 54

Which hormone is released by the adrenal medulla and is known as the 'fight-or-flight' hormone?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Testosterone

Question 55

Which glands produce hormones that regulate calcium and phosphate metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid glands

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Pancreas

Answer

Adrenal glands

Question 56

What is the name of the disorder characterized by deficient growth hormone production in childhood?

Accepted Answer

Dwarfism

Answer

Goiter

Answer

Acromegaly

Answer

Cushing's disease

Question 57

What is the primary hormone responsible for stimulating the ovaries to produce eggs?

Accepted Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Testosterone

Question 58

Which hormone is produced by the pineal gland and is involved in regulating circadian rhythms?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Cortisol

Question 59

What is the name of the condition where the thyroid gland overproduces thyroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

Hyperthyroidism

Answer

Hypothyroidism

Answer

Grave's disease

Answer

Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Question 60

Which hormone is released by the adrenal cortex and helps regulate blood pressure and fluid balance?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Testosterone

Question 61

How do hormones function as chemical messengers in the body, and how do they coordinate physiological processes?

Accepted Answer

Hormones travel through the bloodstream and bind to specific receptors on target cells.

Answer

Hormones are released directly into target cells, triggering an immediate response.

Answer

Hormones only affect the cells that produce them.

Answer

Hormones are always produced in large amounts.

Question 62

What are endocrine disruptors, and how do they affect the endocrine system and human health?

Accepted Answer

Chemicals that interfere with hormone regulation in the endocrine system

Answer

Substances produced exclusively by the thyroid gland

Answer

Compounds with no impact on human health

Question 63

Which hormone is secreted by the pineal gland and regulates sleep-wake cycles?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Insulin

Question 64

What is the primary target organ for antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

Accepted Answer

Kidneys

Answer

Liver

Answer

Pancreas

Answer

Pituitary gland