Thermal Comfort and Lighting in Sustainable Construction: Enhance Indoor Environmental Quality

Question 1

What is the significance of the daylight factor in evaluating natural lighting?

Accepted Answer

It indicates the ratio of outdoor illuminance to indoor illuminance at a specific point.

Answer

It determines the amount of natural light entering a room.

Answer

It measures the intensity of artificial light used in a space.

Answer

It has no relevance to natural lighting.

Question 2

Which material exhibits a high capacity to conduct heat?

Accepted Answer

Concrete

Answer

Wood

Answer

Fiberglass insulation

Answer

Polystyrene foam

Question 3

What is the primary purpose of using thermal insulation materials in building construction?

Accepted Answer

To improve thermal comfort by reducing heat transfer

Answer

To increase the interior temperature of the building

Answer

To enhance air circulation within the building

Answer

To provide structural reinforcement to the building

Question 4

Which design strategy is **primarily** used to maximize daylighting in a building?

Accepted Answer

Increase window size and quantity

Accepted Answer

Install skylights and clerestory windows

Answer

Use reflective materials on the building's exterior

Answer

Use artificial lighting to supplement natural light

Question 5

When designing a building with natural lighting, what potential issue should be considered?

Accepted Answer

Possible glare and discomfort

Answer

Enhanced energy efficiency

Answer

Lower construction expenses

Answer

Reduced occupant satisfaction

Question 6

Define adaptive thermal comfort and explain its significance in enhancing occupant well-being in buildings.

Accepted Answer

Adaptive thermal comfort refers to the ability of occupants to adjust to fluctuating thermal conditions within a building, maintaining their comfort levels.

Answer

Adaptive thermal comfort is a design approach that prioritizes energy efficiency over occupant comfort.

Answer

Adaptive thermal comfort is a concept applicable exclusively to naturally ventilated buildings.

Answer

Adaptive thermal comfort is not a recognized standard for assessing thermal comfort in buildings.

Question 7

Which of the following design elements is NOT effective in improving natural lighting in buildings?

Accepted Answer

Artificial lighting fixtures

Answer

Oversized windows and skylights

Answer

Light-colored surfaces

Answer

Clerestory windows

Question 8

What is the primary function of thermal mass in buildings?

Accepted Answer

To regulate室内室内 temperature by absorbing and releasing heat

Answer

To reduce noise levels

Answer

To improve indoor air quality

Answer

To provide structural support

Question 9

What is the recommended indoor relative humidity range for optimum thermal comfort?

Accepted Answer

40-60%

Answer

30-50%

Answer

50-70%

Answer

70-90%

Question 10

Which material is recognized for its insulating properties?

Accepted Answer

木材

Answer

玻璃

Answer

混凝土

Answer

钢材

Question 11

What is the main benefit of using passive solar design?

Accepted Answer

Reduced energy consumption

Answer

Improved indoor air quality

Answer

Enhanced aesthetics

Answer

Increased building lifespan

Question 12

What is the primary purpose of a thermal envelope in a building?

Accepted Answer

Separating conditioned spaces from the outdoors

Answer

Preventing moisture penetration

Answer

Providing structural support

Answer

Facilitating natural ventilation

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects thermal comfort in buildings?

Accepted Answer

Visual aesthetics

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Humidity

Answer

Airflow

Question 14

What is the overarching goal of sustainable construction practices?

Accepted Answer

Minimizing environmental impact

Answer

Ensuring occupant health and well-being

Answer

Minimizing construction costs

Answer

Maximizing building performance

Question 15

Passive cooling strategies, such as natural ventilation, primarily aim to:

Accepted Answer

Remove heat from the building

Answer

Reduce heat gain

Answer

Control indoor air quality

Answer

Improve occupant productivity

Question 16

Which type of lighting is renowned for its energy efficiency and provides superior light quality?

Accepted Answer

LED lighting

Answer

Incandescent lighting

Answer

Fluorescent lighting

Answer

Halogen lighting

Question 17

Daylighting design focuses on maximizing the utilization of:

Accepted Answer

Natural light

Answer

Artificial lighting

Answer

Ambient light

Answer

Emergency lighting

Question 18

Which building material offers the highest thermal insulation value?

Accepted Answer

Insulation panels

Answer

Concrete

Answer

Wood

Answer

Brick

Question 19

Which design technique is classified as passive solar design?

Accepted Answer

Incorporating a Trombe wall

Answer

Installing solar panels

Answer

Using natural ventilation

Answer

Adding a geothermal heat pump

Question 20

In sustainable lighting design, which of these is a key energy efficiency consideration?

Accepted Answer

Using natural light to reduce reliance on artificial lighting

Accepted Answer

Installing occupancy sensors to adjust light levels based on space usage

Accepted Answer

Choosing energy-efficient lighting fixtures with low power consumption

Answer

Utilizing reflective surfaces to enhance light distribution and aesthetics

Question 21

Which thermal comfort model accounts for personal factors like metabolism, clothing, and activity level in determining thermal comfort?

Accepted Answer

Fanger's Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (PPD) Model

Answer

ASHRAE's Standard 55

Answer

International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 7730

Answer

Gagge's Two-Node Model

Question 22

How do indoor environmental quality standards influence the design of thermal comfort strategies in buildings?

Accepted Answer

They establish minimum thermal comfort requirements for buildings.

Answer

They prioritize lighting design over thermal comfort.

Answer

They are not applicable to residential buildings.

Answer

They are seldom updated to reflect scientific advancements.

Question 23

Which of the following is the primary factor that significantly influences thermal comfort in buildings?

Accepted Answer

Indoor air temperature

Answer

Building orientation

Answer

Outdoor humidity

Answer

Window size

Question 24

Which of the following lighting types offers the most energy-efficient and natural illumination?

Accepted Answer

Daylighting

Answer

Fluorescent lighting

Answer

Incandescent lighting

Answer

LED lighting

Question 25

What is the main purpose of incorporating a thermal break within a building's envelope?

Accepted Answer

To minimize heat transfer between the interior and exterior environments

Answer

To improve air circulation

Answer

To enhance structural support

Question 26

Among the given glazing materials, which one offers a combination of high thermal insulation and solar heat gain?

Accepted Answer

Low-e glass with argon fill

Answer

Single-pane glass

Answer

Double-pane glass with air fill

Answer

Tinted glass

Question 27

In the context of HVAC systems, which type is particularly suitable for maintaining thermal comfort in buildings with variable occupancy patterns?

Accepted Answer

Variable air volume (VAV) system

Answer

Constant air volume (CAV) system

Answer

Radiant heating system

Answer

Dual-duct system

Question 28

What is the primary function of a thermal envelope in a building?

Accepted Answer

To minimize heat transfer between the interior and exterior environments

Answer

To improve air circulation

Answer

To provide structural support

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT a sustainable design strategy for improving thermal comfort?

Accepted Answer

Installing larger windows to let in more sunlight

Answer

Adding more insulation to the exterior walls

Answer

Increasing the height of ceilings to promote air circulation

Answer

Using cross-ventilation to reduce air conditioning

Question 30

What is the term for the measure of a person's subjective thermal sensation?

Accepted Answer

Predicted Mean Vote (PMV)

Answer

Effective Temperature (ET)

Answer

Thermal Comfort Index (TCI)

Answer

Standard Effective Temperature (SET)

Question 31

Which of the following is a key consideration in passive solar design?

Accepted Answer

Optimizing window placement and size for natural light and heat gain

Answer

Minimizing the use of windows to reduce heat loss

Answer

Using artificial lighting to supplement natural light

Answer

Installing reflective surfaces to bounce sunlight indoors

Question 32

Which of the following is a benefit of natural lighting in buildings?

Accepted Answer

Improved indoor air quality

Answer

Increased glare and eye strain

Answer

Higher maintenance costs

Answer

Poor color rendering

Question 33

What is the purpose of a thermal break in a building envelope?

Accepted Answer

To prevent thermal conductivity between different building components

Answer

To control moisture penetration

Answer

To provide structural support for the building

Question 34

What type of lighting minimizes glare and eye strain?

Accepted Answer

Indirect Lighting

Answer

Direct Lighting

Answer

Task Lighting

Answer

Accent Lighting

Question 35

Which building design strategy promotes natural ventilation?

Accepted Answer

Operable Windows

Answer

Tinted Glass

Answer

Insulated Walls

Answer

Skylights

Question 36

What is the optimal temperature range for thermal comfort?

Accepted Answer

68-76°F (20-24°C)

Answer

77-86°F (25-30°C)

Answer

59-65°F (15-18°C)

Answer

87-95°F (30-35°C)

Question 37

What is the recommended indoor air temperature for office spaces?

Accepted Answer

72-76°F (22-24°C)

Answer

68-72°F (20-22°C)

Answer

82-86°F (27-30°C)

Answer

77-81°F (25-27°C)

Question 38

Which type of lighting provides focused illumination for specific tasks?

Accepted Answer

Task Lighting

Answer

Accent Lighting

Answer

Ambient Lighting

Answer

Emergency Lighting

Question 39

What is the purpose of thermal mass in a building?

Accepted Answer

To absorb and release heat, reducing temperature fluctuations

Answer

To provide structural support

Answer

To prevent moisture damage

Answer

To improve acoustics

Question 40

Which factor has the most significant impact on thermal comfort?

Accepted Answer

Indoor air temperature

Answer

Relative humidity

Answer

Air velocity

Answer

Surface temperatures

Question 41

What passive design strategy can significantly improve natural lighting?

Accepted Answer

Maximizing window glazing and using light-colored surfaces

Answer

Installing skylights

Answer

Using artificial lighting

Answer

Adding opaque partitions

Question 42

How does the use of operable windows contribute to thermal comfort?

Accepted Answer

Allows for natural ventilation and regulation of indoor air temperature

Answer

Increases energy efficiency

Answer

Improves indoor air quality

Answer

Reduces noise levels

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT a negative consequence of poor thermal comfort?

Accepted Answer

Improved occupant satisfaction

Answer

Health issues

Answer

Reduced productivity

Answer

Increased absenteeism

Question 44

What is the primary objective of passive solar design?

Accepted Answer

Harnessing sunlight for heating and daylighting

Answer

Improving indoor air quality

Answer

Reducing reliance on artificial lighting

Answer

Reducing energy costs

Question 45

What is a key goal of sustainable construction practices related to thermal comfort and lighting?

Accepted Answer

Optimizing occupant well-being while minimizing energy consumption

Answer

Enhancing aesthetics

Answer

Reducing construction costs

Question 46

Which method is commonly used for assessing thermal comfort in buildings?

Accepted Answer

Fanger's thermal comfort model

Answer

Building energy simulation tools

Answer

Lighting calculation software

Answer

Infrared thermography

Question 47

According to industry standards, what is the recommended minimum indoor air temperature for thermal comfort in offices?

Accepted Answer

20°C (68°F)

Answer

25°C (77°F)

Answer

30°C (86°F)

Answer

15°C (59°F)

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing thermal comfort in buildings?

Accepted Answer

Building height

Answer

Air temperature

Answer

Relative humidity

Question 49

What is the suggested indoor temperature range for optimal thermal comfort in most occupied spaces?

Accepted Answer

20-24°C (68-75°F)

Answer

16-20°C (60-68°F)

Answer

24-28°C (75-82°F)

Answer

28-32°C (82-90°F)

Question 50

Which glazing material offers the best thermal insulation properties?

Accepted Answer

Double-glazed, low-emissivity (low-e) glass

Answer

Laminated glass

Answer

Single-glazed clear glass

Answer

Tinted glass

Question 51

What is the primary objective of incorporating light shelves into building design?

Accepted Answer

To extend the penetration of natural light deeper into interior spaces

Answer

To impede sunlight entry

Answer

To provide passive heating

Question 52

Daylighting in buildings primarily offers the benefit of:

Accepted Answer

Reduced energy consumption

Answer

Mold growth

Answer

Increased need for artificial lighting

Answer

Increased glare

Question 53

Which of the following is an example of a passive solar design strategy?

Accepted Answer

Trombe wall

Answer

Geothermal heat pump

Answer

Wind turbine

Answer

Photovoltaic panel

Question 54

What is the primary function of thermal mass in a building?

Accepted Answer

To absorb and release heat gradually, regulating indoor temperature

Answer

To prevent heat loss

Answer

To enhance air circulation

Question 55

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of optimized natural lighting?

Accepted Answer

Reduced risk of respiratory problems

Answer

Improved mood and sleep quality

Answer

Enhanced cognitive function

Question 56

What is an effective approach to minimize glare in naturally lit spaces?

Accepted Answer

Use diffusers, blinds, or curtains

Answer

Increase the size of windows

Answer

Use reflective surfaces to redirect light

Answer

Reduce the amount of natural light entering the space