Nail Anatomy and Physiology: Master the Basics of Nail Care

Question 1

Which layer is NOT part of the nail unit?

Accepted Answer

Dermis

Answer

Nail matrix

Answer

Nail bed

Answer

Hyponychium

Question 2

Which layer of the nail is responsible for protecting the nail bed?

Accepted Answer

Hyponychium

Answer

Eponychium

Answer

Nail matrix

Answer

Nail bed

Question 3

What structure generates new nail cells?

Accepted Answer

Nail matrix

Answer

Nail groove

Answer

Nail fold

Answer

Cuticle

Question 4

What condition is characterized by fungal infection of the nail, leading to thickening and discoloration?

Accepted Answer

Onychomycosis

Answer

Onycholysis

Answer

Paronychia

Answer

Leukonychia

Question 5

What is the primary function of the cuticle?

Accepted Answer

Seals the base of the nail and prevents infection

Answer

Produces the nail plate

Answer

Protects the nail root

Answer

Stimulates nail growth

Question 6

What is the main purpose of using a nail file?

Accepted Answer

Shape and refine the nail

Answer

Remove excess cuticle

Answer

Smooth the nail surface

Answer

Clean the nail surface

Question 7

Which nail layer is responsible for nail growth?

Accepted Answer

Nail matrix

Answer

Nail bed

Answer

Hyponychium

Answer

Eponychium

Question 8

Which of the following is the outermost layer of the nail?

Accepted Answer

Eponychium

Answer

Nail matrix

Answer

Nail bed

Answer

Lunula

Question 9

What is the primary component of nails?

Accepted Answer

Keratin

Answer

Collagen

Answer

Calcium

Answer

Gelatin

Question 10

What is the best method to remove artificial nails?

Accepted Answer

Soaking them in acetone

Answer

Filing them off

Answer

Using a cuticle pusher

Answer

Trimming them with scissors

Question 11

Which of the following tools is used for shaping nails?

Accepted Answer

Nail file

Answer

Nail buffer

Answer

Cuticle pusher

Answer

Nail clippers

Question 12

What is the purpose of using a cuticle pusher?

Accepted Answer

To remove excess cuticles

Answer

To clean under the nails

Answer

To shape the nail bed

Answer

To stimulate nail growth

Question 13

Which part of the nail is responsible for providing nutrients to the nail matrix?

Accepted Answer

Nail bed

Answer

Lunula

Answer

Nail matrix

Answer

Nail groove

Question 14

What condition is characterized by excessively thick and discolored nails?

Accepted Answer

Onychogryphosis

Answer

Onychomycosis

Answer

Paronychia

Answer

Pterygium

Question 15

Which layer of the nail matrix produces the ventral nail surface?

Accepted Answer

Ventral nail surface

Answer

Dorsal nail surface

Answer

Nail bed

Answer

Lunula

Question 16

What is the name of the membrane that connects the nail matrix to the nail bed?

Accepted Answer

Perionychium

Answer

Cuticle

Answer

Hyponychium

Answer

Nail matrix

Question 17

What is the purpose of the nail matrix?

Accepted Answer

To continuously produce and generate the nail plate

Answer

To provide blood supply and nourishment to the nail

Answer

To protect the nail from external damage

Answer

To shape and contour the nail as it grows

Question 18

Which of the following is a characteristic of healthy, well-maintained nails?

Accepted Answer

Smooth, evenly colored, and firm

Answer

Thick, discolored, and brittle

Answer

Soft, flexible, and easily peeling

Answer

Ridged, grooved, and opaque

Question 19

What is the name of the white, crescent-shaped area at the base of the nail?

Accepted Answer

Lunula

Answer

Hyponychium

Answer

Nail matrix

Answer

Eponychium (cuticle)

Question 20

Which vitamin is crucial for healthy nail growth and development?

Accepted Answer

Biotin

Answer

Vitamin C

Answer

Vitamin E

Answer

Iron

Question 21

What is the most prevalent nail disorder?

Accepted Answer

Onychomycosis (fungal nail infection)

Answer

Paronychia (infection of the nail fold)

Answer

Pterygium (overgrowth of the cuticle)

Answer

Psoriasis (inflammatory skin condition that can affect the nails)

Question 22

How often is it generally recommended to trim fingernails?

Accepted Answer

Every two to three weeks

Answer

Weekly

Answer

Monthly

Answer

As needed or when they become too long

Question 23

Compare paronychia and onychomycosis by describing their causes, symptoms, and treatments.

Accepted Answer

Paronychia: nail fold inflammation often caused by infection; Onychomycosis: nail fungal infection.

Answer

Paronychia: nail fungal infection; Onychomycosis: nail fold inflammation.

Answer

Both paronychia and onychomycosis are mainly caused by bacterial infections.

Answer

Topical antibiotics can effectively treat both paronychia and onychomycosis.

Question 24

Which of the following is the main protein found in the nail plate, providing it with strength and flexibility?

Accepted Answer

Keratin

Answer

Collagen

Answer

Elastin

Answer

Myosin

Question 25

What is the primary role of the nail matrix?

Accepted Answer

Produces new nail cells

Answer

Supplies blood to the nail

Answer

Provides sensation to the nail

Answer

Protects the nail from infection

Question 26

Which of the following is a common nail disorder characterized by discoloration, thickening, and potential fungal infection?

Accepted Answer

Onychomycosis

Answer

Paronychia

Answer

Pterygium

Answer

Leukonychia

Question 27

What is the main function of the lunula, the white, crescent-shaped area at the base of the nail?

Accepted Answer

Protects the nail matrix

Answer

Anchors the nail to the nail bed

Answer

Produces new nail cells

Answer

Stores nutrients for the nail

Question 28

What is the primary purpose of the nail folds, the skin that surrounds and protects the nail?

Accepted Answer

Protect the nail matrix and nail bed

Answer

Produce nail cells

Answer

Anchor the nail to the finger

Answer

Provide sensation to the nail

Question 29

What is the main function of the nail matrix, located at the base of the nail, where new nail cells are produced?

Accepted Answer

Produces new nail cells

Answer

Anchors the nail to the nail bed

Answer

Protects the nail from damage

Answer

Stores nutrients for the nail

Question 30

In nail anatomy, what are the distinct functions of the nail matrix and the nail bed?

Accepted Answer

The nail matrix produces the nail plate, while the nail bed supports and nourishes it.

Answer

The nail bed produces the nail plate, while the nail matrix supports and nourishes it.

Answer

Both the nail matrix and the nail bed contribute equally to producing the nail plate.

Answer

Both the nail matrix and the nail bed are responsible for both producing and supporting the nail plate.

Question 31

How does keratinization contribute to the strength of nails?

Accepted Answer

It hardens nail cells.

Answer

It makes nails flexible.

Answer

It stimulates nail growth.

Question 32

Which of the following is a practice to avoid for healthy nail care?

Accepted Answer

Using harsh chemicals on nails

Answer

Keeping nails clean and dry

Answer

Trimming nails regularly

Answer

Moisturizing nails and cuticles

Question 33

Which of the following characteristics are indicative of healthy nails?

Accepted Answer

Smooth surface, shiny appearance, flexible yet firm, water-resistant

Answer

Rough surface, dull appearance, brittle and soft, water-absorbent

Answer

Smooth surface, dull appearance, flexible and firm, water-resistant

Answer

Rough surface, shiny appearance, brittle and soft, water-absorbent

Question 34

Which type of nail polish is recognized for its extended wear time and resilience against chips?

Accepted Answer

Gel nail polish

Answer

Water-based nail polish

Answer

Acrylic nail polish

Answer

Shellac nail polish

Question 35

Which of the following proteins comprises the primary building blocks of nails?

Accepted Answer

Keratin

Answer

Collagen

Answer

Elastin

Answer

Myosin

Question 36

Identify the term for the cuticle encasing the nail's base.

Accepted Answer

Eponychium

Answer

Hyponychium

Answer

Lunula

Answer

Nail bed

Question 37

Name the visible, crescent-shaped area at the nail's base with a whitish hue.

Accepted Answer

Lunula

Answer

Matrix

Answer

Cuticle

Answer

Nail plate

Question 38

Define the biological process responsible for nail formation.

Accepted Answer

Keratinization

Answer

Ossification

Answer

Calcification

Answer

Chondrification

Question 39

What is the medical term for a fungal infection of the nail?

Accepted Answer

Onychomycosis

Answer

Psoriasis

Answer

Eczema

Answer

Dermatitis

Question 40

What is the primary function of the nail matrix?

Accepted Answer

Generating the nail plate

Answer

Protecting the nail bed

Answer

Providing nourishment to the nail

Answer

Anchoring the nail to the finger

Question 41

How does the nail grow? Describe the specific role of the nail matrix in this process.

Accepted Answer

The nail matrix produces new nail cells that push against and replace older cells, resulting in nail growth.

Answer

The nail bed provides nourishment to the nail, facilitating its growth.

Answer

The cuticle protects the nail, aiding in its growth.

Question 42

Which layer of the nail is responsible for its hardness and durability?

Accepted Answer

Nail plate

Answer

Nail bed

Answer

Hyponychium

Answer

Cuticle

Question 43

What type of cells produce the protein that forms the nail?

Accepted Answer

Keratinocytes

Answer

Fibroblasts

Answer

Osteocytes

Answer

Melanocytes

Question 44

Which of the following nail disorders is caused by a fungal infection?

Accepted Answer

Onychomycosis

Answer

Paronychia

Answer

Psoriasis

Question 45

What is the primary role of the lunula ?

Accepted Answer

Protect the delicate nail matrix

Answer

Provide nourishment to the nail

Answer

Enhance the nail's appearance

Answer

Produce keratin for nail growth

Question 46

Which vitamin is crucial for maintaining healthy nail growth?

Accepted Answer

Biotin

Answer

Vitamin E

Answer

Vitamin C

Answer

Vitamin D

Question 47

What is the term for the ongoing process of nail growth?

Accepted Answer

Onychoauxis

Answer

Onycholysis

Answer

Onychomadesis

Answer

Onchophagy

Question 48

Which of the following characteristics indicates healthy nails?

Accepted Answer

Smooth, evenly colored surface without ridges or indentations

Answer

Brittle and easily broken

Answer

Yellowing or discoloration

Question 49

What is the scientific term for the crescent-shaped, whitish area at the base of the nail?

Accepted Answer

Lunula

Answer

Nail bed

Answer

Hyponychium

Answer

Cuticle

Question 50

Which of the following is the outermost layer of the nail?

Accepted Answer

Nail plate

Answer

Nail matrix

Answer

Hyponychium

Answer

Nail bed

Question 51

What is the main function of the nail matrix?

Accepted Answer

Produces new nail cells

Answer

Protects the nail bed

Answer

Provides nutrients to the nail

Answer

Anchors the nail to the finger

Question 52

Which of the following is NOT a common nail disorder?

Accepted Answer

Nail psoriasis

Answer

Pterygium

Answer

Paronychia

Answer

Onychomycosis

Question 53

What is the primary cause of hangnails?

Accepted Answer

Tearing or splitting of the cuticle

Answer

Vitamin deficiency

Answer

Bacterial infection

Answer

Fungal infection

Question 54

Which of the following factors can affect nail growth rate?

Accepted Answer

Nutrition and overall health

Answer

Length of the nail

Answer

Nail polish color

Answer

Temperature

Question 55

What is the purpose of the lunula?

Accepted Answer

Indicates the matrix of the nail

Answer

Provides nutrients to the nail

Answer

Anchors the nail to the finger

Answer

Protects the nail bed from trauma

Question 56

Which of the following is a keratinized protein found in nails?

Accepted Answer

Hard keratin

Answer

Elastin

Answer

Fibrinogen

Answer

Collagen

Question 57

What is the function of the hyponychium?

Accepted Answer

Seals the nail to the finger

Answer

Protects the nail matrix

Answer

Anchors the nail to the nail bed

Answer

Produces new nail cells

Question 58

Which of the following is a sign of a healthy nail?

Accepted Answer

Smooth, evenly-colored surface

Answer

Brittleness and peeling

Answer

Ridges and grooves

Answer

Discoloration and thickening

Question 59

What is the term for the white, opaque area at the base of the nail?

Accepted Answer

Lunula

Answer

Eponychium

Answer

Cuticle

Answer

Hyponychium